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''Diplomacy'' is a strategic board game created by Allan B. Calhamer in 1954 and released commercially in 1959. Its main distinctions from most board wargames are its negotiation phases (players spend much of their time forming and betraying alliances with other players and forming beneficial strategies)〔Parlett, David. ''The Oxford History of Board Games''. Oxford University Press, UK, 1999. ISBN 0-19-212998-8. pp. 361–362.〕 and the absence of dice and other game elements that produce random effects. Set in Europe before the beginning of World War I, ''Diplomacy'' is played by two to seven players,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.diplomacy-archive.com/resources/rulebooks/2000AH4th.pdf )〕 each controlling the armed forces of a major European power (or, with fewer players, multiple powers). Each player aims to move his or her few starting units and defeat those of others to win possession of a majority of strategic cities and provinces marked as "supply centers" on the map; these supply centers allow players who control them to produce more units. ''Diplomacy'' was the first commercially published game to be played by mail (PBM); only chess, which is in the public domain, saw significant postal (long distance) play earlier. ''Diplomacy'' was also the first commercially published game to generate an active hobby with amateur fanzines; only science-fiction, fantasy and comics fandom saw fanzines earlier. Competitive face-to-face ''Diplomacy'' tournaments have been held since the 1970s. Play of ''Diplomacy'' by e-mail (PBEM) has been widespread since the late 1980s.〔http://devel.diplom.org/Zine/S2002R/Miller/What_is_njudge.html〕 ''Diplomacy'' has been published in the United States by Games Research, Avalon Hill, and Hasbro; the name is currently a registered trademark of Hasbro's Avalon Hill division. ''Diplomacy'' has also been licensed to various companies for publication in other countries. ''Diplomacy'' is also played on the Internet, adjudicated by a computer or a human gamemaster. In its catalog, Avalon Hill advertised ''Diplomacy'' as John F. Kennedy〔http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/May-2009/All-in-the-Game/〕 and Henry Kissinger's favorite game. Kissinger described it as his favorite in an interview published in a games magazine.〔''Games & Puzzles'' magazine, May 1973.〕 American broadcast journalist Walter Cronkite was also reported to be a fan of the game.〔McClellan, Joseph. "Lying and Cheating by the Rules," Washington Post, June 2, 1986.〕 ==History== The idea for ''Diplomacy'' arose from Allan B. Calhamer's study at Harvard of nineteenth-century European history under Sidney B. Fay ''inter alia'', and from his study of political geography.〔 The rough form of ''Diplomacy'' was created in 1954, and its details were developed through playtesting until the 1958 map and rules revisions. Calhamer paid for a 500-game print run of that version in 1959 after rejection by major companies.〔 It has been published since then by Games Research (in 1961, then a 1971 edition with a revised rulebook), Avalon Hill (in 1976), by Hasbro's Avalon Hill division (in 1999), and now by Wizards of the Coast (in 2008) in the USA, and licensed to other boardgame publishers for versions sold in other countries. Among these are Parker Brothers, Waddingtons Games, Gibsons Games, Asmodée Editions.〔''Diplomacy'' page of BoardGameGeek (), retrieved January 25, 2008.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diplomacy (game)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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