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Divine Liturgy ((アルメニア語:Սուրբ Պատարագ ''Surb Patarag'');〔Pronounced ''Sourp Badarak'' in Western Armenian〕 (ブルガリア語:Божествена литургия ''Bozhestvena liturgiya''); (グルジア語:საღმრთო ლიტურგია ''saghmrto lit'urgia''); (ギリシア語:Θεία Λειτουργία ''Theia Leitourgia''); (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Sfânta Liturghie); ; (セルビア語:Света Литургија or Sveta Liturgija)) is the Eucharistic service of the Byzantine tradition of Christian liturgy. As such, it is used in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches. Armenian Christians, both of the Armenian Apostolic Church〔(Western Diocese | Home )〕 and of the Armenian Catholic Church,〔(Armenian Catholic Church in Russia | Welcome! )〕 use the same term. Some Oriental Orthodox employ the term "holy offering" (Syriac: ''qurbana qadisha'') for their Eucharistic liturgies instead. The term is sometimes applied also to Roman Rite Eucharistic liturgies, though the term ''Mass'' is more commonly used there. In Eastern traditions, those of the Eastern Catholic and Orthodox Churches, the Divine Liturgy is seen as transcending time, and the world. All believers are believed to be united in worship in the Kingdom of God along with departed Saints and the celestial Angels. To this end, everything in the Liturgy is seen as symbolic, yet also not just merely symbolic, but making the unseen reality manifest. According to Eastern tradition and belief, the Liturgy's roots go back to Jewish worship and the adaptation of Jewish worship by Early Christians. This can be seen in the first parts of the Liturgy that is termed, the "Liturgy of the Word" that includes reading of scriptures and the Sermon/Homily. The latter half was believed to be added based on the Last Supper and the first Eucharistic celebrations by Early Christians. Eastern Christians participating in the Liturgy also traditionally believe that the Eucharist is the central part of the service, as they believe it truly becomes the real Body and Blood of Christ, and through their partaking of it, they see themselves as together becoming the Body of Christ (that is, the Church). Each Liturgy has its differences from others, but most are very similar to each other with adaptations based on tradition, purpose, culture and theology.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.oca.org/QAindex-divineliturgy.asp?SID=3 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/worship )〕 == Byzantine Rite == There are three Divine Liturgies in the Byzantine Rite that are in common use in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine Catholic churches: * The Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (5th century A.D.), used on most days of the year, and as a vesperal liturgy on the Annunciation. * The Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great (4th century A.D.), used on the 5 Sundays of Great Lent, and on Saint Basil's feast day (January 1). On the eves of the Nativity and Theophany, and on Holy Thursday and Holy Saturday, it is celebrated as a vesperal liturgy. In some traditions, Saint Basil's Liturgy is also celebrated on the Exaltation of the Life-giving Cross on September 14. All together, St. Basil's liturgy is celebrated 10 times out of the liturgical year. * The Divine Liturgy of St. James of Jerusalem (1st century A.D.), celebrated once a year in Jerusalem (and a few other churches) on the feast day of St. James, brother of the Lord and first bishop of Jerusalem, to whom this Liturgy is traditionally attributed. * The Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts (6th century A.D.), is used during Great Lent on Wednesdays, Fridays, and a handful of other occasions, and also on the first three days of Holy Week. Nowadays it is always celebrated as a vesperal liturgy; the Liturgy of the Faithful has no Anaphora (Eucharistic Prayer), the Holy Gifts having been consecrated and reserved ("presanctified") at a previous divine liturgy. It is traditionally attributed to St. Gregory the Dialogist. * The Divine Liturgy of St. Mark was also observed in the Orthodox (Chalcedonian) Patriarchate of Alexandria on at least that Saint's day until fairly recent times. The Hierarchical Liturgy. As numbers in a diocese increased dramatically the bishop as presiding over the Eucharistic assembly appointed presbyters as celebrant in the local community (the parish). Still, the Church is understood in Eastern Orthodoxy not in terms of the presbyter, but the diocesan bishop. When the latter is present, he is chief celebrant. Phrases and hymns are also added. The hierarch commemorates his hierarch demonstrating unity with the greater Orthodox community. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Divine Liturgy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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