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The States' Rights Democratic Party (usually called the Dixiecrats) was a short-lived segregationist political party in the United States in 1948. It originated as a breakaway faction of the Democratic Party in 1948, determined to protect what they portrayed as the southern way of life beset by an oppressive federal government,〔Lemmon, Sarah McCulloh. "Ideology of the 'Dixiecrat Movement," ''Social Forces'' Vol. 30, No. 2 (Dec., 1951), pp. 162-171 (in JSTOR )〕 and supporters assumed control of the state Democratic parties in part or in full in several Southern states. The States' Rights Democratic Party opposed racial integration and wanted to retain Jim Crow laws and white supremacy in the face of possible federal intervention. Members were called Dixiecrats. (The term ''Dixiecrat'' is a portmanteau of ''Dixie'', referring to the Southern United States, and ''Democrat''.) The party did not run local or state candidates, and after the 1948 election its leaders generally returned to the Democratic Party.〔John F. Bibby and Louis Sandy Maisel, ''Two parties--or more?: the American party system'' (1998) p 35〕 The Dixiecrats had little short-run impact on politics. However, they did have a long-term impact. The Dixiecrats began the weakening of the "Solid South" (the Democratic Party's total control of presidential elections in the South).〔Kari Frederickson, ''The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South, 1932-1968'' (2001) p. 238.〕 The term "Dixiecrat" is sometimes used by Northern Democrats to refer to conservative Southern Democrats from the 1940s to the 1990s, regardless of where they stood in 1948.〔see (Harry Kreisler, "Institutional Change in the U.S. Congress: Conversation with Nelson W. Polsby...2002" )〕 == Background == By the 1870s the South was heavily Democratic in national and presidential elections, apart from pockets of Republican strength. It was the "Solid South". The social system was based on Jim Crow, a combination of legal and informal segregation that made blacks second-class citizens with little or no political power anywhere in the South.〔Perman (2009) part 4〕 In the 1930s, the New Deal under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a realignment occurred. Much of the Democratic Party in the South shifted towards economic intervention. Civil rights for blacks was not on the New Deal agenda, as Southerners controlled the key positions of power in Congress. Jim Crow was indirectly challenged as two million blacks served in the military during World War II, receiving equal pay in segregated units, and equally entitled to veterans' benefits. The Republican Party, nominating Governor of New York Thomas E. Dewey in 1944 and 1948, supported civil rights legislation that the Southern Democrats in Congress almost unanimously opposed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dixiecrat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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