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Diyarbakır
Diyarbakır ((クルド語:Amed)) is one of the largest cities in southeastern Turkey. Situated on the banks of the Tigris River, it is the administrative capital of the Diyarbakır Province. With a population of about 930,000 it is the second largest city in Turkey's south-eastern Anatolia region, after Gaziantep.
Diyarbakir is also a major cultural and economic center in Turkey and as such has been a focal point for conflict between Turkey's government and its Kurdish population.
==Names and etymology==
The name Diyarbakir (Arabic دیار بکر "Diyaru Bakr which means the land of Bakir;(アルメニア語:Տիգրանակերտ) ''Tigranakert'';〔Western Armenian pronunciation: ''Dikranagerd''; 〕 ; ''Diyâr-ı Bekr''; ) is inscribed as ''Amid'' on the sheath of a sword from the Assyrian period, and the same name was used in other contemporary Syriac and Arabic works.〔(Diyarbakır ). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved on 2012-05-13.〕 The Romans and Byzantines called the city ''Amida''.〔 Among the Artukid and Akkoyunlu it was known as "Black Amid" (''Kara Amid'') for the dark color of its walls, while in the ''Zafername'', or eulogies in praise of military victories, it is called "Black Fortress" (''Kara Kale'').〔 In the Book of Dede Korkut and some other Turkish works it appears as ''Kara Hamid''.〔
Following the Arab conquests in the seventh century, the Arab Bakr tribe settled in this region,〔 which became known as the ''Diyar Bakr'' ("landholdings of the Bakr tribe", in Arabic: ديار بكر ''Diyar Bakr'').〔Abdul- Rahman Mizouri (Taj Al- Arifeen: Udday bin Musafir Al- Kurdy Al- Hakary Is not an Umayyad. Part Two ). College of Arts/ Dohuk University (2001)〕 In 1937, Atatürk visited Diyarbekir and, after expressing uncertainty on the exact etymology of the city, ordered that it be renamed "Diyarbakır", which means "land of copper" in Turkish after the abundant resources of copper around the city.〔See Üngör, Uğur (2011), ''The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 244. ISBN 0-19-960360-X.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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