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Cuicul -called now Djémila (Tamazight: Ğamila, (アラビア語:جميلة), ''the Beautiful one'', Latin: ''Cuicul'' or ''Curculum'')- is a small mountain village in Algeria, near the northern coast east of Algiers, where some of the best preserved Berbero-Roman ruins in North Africa are found. It is situated in the region bordering the Constantinois and Petite Kabylie (Basse Kabylie). In 1982, Cuicul (Djémila) became a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its unique adaptation of Roman architecture to a mountain environment. Significant buildings in ancient Cuicul include a theatre, two fora, temples, basilicas, arches, streets, and houses. The exceptionally well preserved ruins surround the forum of the Harsh, a large paved square with an entry marked by a majestic arch. ==Roman Cuicul== Under the name of Cuicul, the city was built at 900 meters of altitude during the 1st century AD as a Roman military garrison situated on a narrow triangular plateau in the province of Numidia. The terrain is somewhat rugged, being located at the confluence of two rivers. Cuicul's builders followed a standard plan with a forum at the center and two main streets, the Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus, composing the major axes.〔''Djemila'', ''Morocco, Algeria, & Tunisia, Geoff Crowther and Hugh Finlay, Lonely Planet, 2nd Edition, April 1992, pp. 298 ''-'' 299.〕 The city was initially populated by a colony of Roman soldiers from Italy, and eventually grew to become a large trading market. The resources that contributed to the prosperity of the city were essentially agricultural (cereals, olive trees and farm). During the reign of Caracalla in the 3rd century, Cuicul's administrators took down some of the old ramparts and constructed a new forum. They surrounded it with larger and more impressive edifices than those that bordered the old forum. The terrain hindered building, so that they built the theatre outside the town walls, which was exceptional. Christianity became very popular in the 4th century (after some persecutions in the early third century〔(Christian persecutions in Cuicul )〕) and brought the addition of a basilica and baptistry. They are to the south of Cuicul in a quarter called "Christian", and are popular attractions.〔 Of the bishops of Cuicul, Pudentianus took part in the 256 Council of Carthage concerning the validity of heretical baptism, and Elpidophorus in that of 348. Cresconius was the Catholic bishop who represented Cuicul at the 411 Conference of Carthage between Catholic and Donatist bishops; the Donatist bishop of the town died before the conference began. Crescens was one of the Catholic bishops whom the Arian Vandal king Huneric summoned to Carthage in 484. Victor was at the Second Council of Constantinople in 553.〔A. Berthier, v. ''Cuicul'', in (''Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques'' ), vol. XIII, Paris 1956, coll. 1095-1097〕〔H. Jaubert, (''Anciens évêchés et ruines chrétiennes de la Numidie et de la Sitifienne'' ), in ''Recueil des Notices et Mémoires de la Société archéologique de Constantine'', vol. 46, 1913, pp. 32-33 (nº 46)〕〔J. Mesnage (''L'Afrique chrétienne'' ), Paris 1912, pp. 283-284〕〔Stefano Antonio Morcelli, (''Africa christiana'' ), Volume I, Brescia 1816, p. 147〕 No longer a residential bishopric, Cuicul is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.〔''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 877〕 The city was slowly abandoned after the fall of the Roman Empire around the 5th century and 6th century. There was some improvements under emperor Justinianus I, with Wall reinforcements. Muslims later dominated the region, but did not reoccupy the site of Cuicul, which they renamed Djémila ("beautiful" in Arabic). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cuicul (Djémila)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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