|
Dogme 95 was an avant-garde filmmaking movement started in 1995 by the Danish directors Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg, who created the "Dogme 95 Manifesto" and the "Vow of Chastity" ((デンマーク語:kyskhedsløfter)). These were rules to create filmmaking based on the traditional values of story, acting, and theme, and excluding the use of elaborate special effects or technology. It was an attempt to take back power for the director as artist, as opposed to the studio. They were later joined by fellow Danish directors Kristian Levring and Søren Kragh-Jacobsen, forming the Dogme 95 Collective or the Dogme Brethren. ''Dogme'' () is the Danish word for dogma. ==History== Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg wrote and co-signed the manifesto and its companion "vows". Vinterberg said that they wrote the pieces in 45 minutes. The manifesto initially mimics the wording of François Truffaut's 1954 essay "Une certaine tendance du cinéma français" in ''Cahiers du cinéma''. They announced the Dogme movement on March 13, 1995 in Paris, at ''Le cinéma vers son deuxième siècle'' conference. The cinema world had gathered to celebrate the first century of motion pictures and contemplate the uncertain future of commercial cinema. Called upon to speak about the future of film, Lars von Trier showered a bemused audience with red pamphlets announcing "Dogme 95". In response to criticism, Trier and Vinterberg have both stated that they just wanted to establish a new extreme: "In a business of extremely high budgets, we figured we should balance the dynamic as much as possible." The first of the Dogme films (Dogme #1) was Vinterberg's 1998 film ''Festen'' (''The Celebration''). It was critically acclaimed and won the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival that year. Lars von Trier's Dogme film, ''Idioterne'' (''The Idiots''), also premiered at Cannes that year but was less successful. Since the two films were released, other directors have made films based on ''Dogme'' principles. French-American actor and director Jean-Marc Barr was the first non-Dane to direct a Dogme film: ''Lovers'' (1999) (Dogme #5). The American Harmony Korine's film ''Julien Donkey-Boy'' (Dogme #6) also was considered a Dogme film. The end credits of ''Het Zuiden'' (''South'') (2004), directed by Martin Koolhoven, included thanks to "Dogme 95". Koolhoven originally planned to shoot it as a Dogme film, and it was co-produced by Trier's Zentropa. Finally, the director decided he did not want to be so severely constrained as by Dogme principles. Since the late 2000s, the emergence of video technology in DSLR photography cameras, such as the Canon EOS 550D, has resulted in a tremendous surge of both feature and short films shot with most, if not all, of the rules pertaining to the Dogme 95 manifesto. However, because of advancements in technology and quality, the aesthetic of these productions typically appears drastically different from that of the Dogme films shot on Tape or DVD-R Camcorders. Largely erasing the primitive and problematic features of past technologies, newer technologies have helped Dogme 95 filmmakers achieve an aesthetic of higher resolution, as well as of lower contrast, film grain, and saturation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dogme 95」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|