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Fra Dolcino
Fra Dolcino (c. 1250 – 1307) was an Italian Christian preacher burnt at the stake in 1307, and often described as being a heretic inspired by the Franciscan theories. He became the leader for a group of reformers who after him was called Dulcinians; they practiced poverty and a form of communism of their goods.
==Real name==
The origins of Fra Dolcino and his real name are a subject of constant debate among historians. One view is that he belonged to the wealthy Tornielli family of Novara, while another view is that he was the illegitimate son of a priest fled from Vercelli to escape punishment for some small burglaries.
Recent researches of Raniero Orioli〔Orioli, Raniero, ''Venit perfidus heresiarca. Il movimento apostolico-dolciniano dal 1260 al 1307'', Rome, 1988.〕 presents a plausible theory: the paper of the Anonymous Synchronous (an "anonymous contemporary")〔() Anonymous Synchronous, "Historia Fratris Dulcini Heresiarche Novariensis ab A.C. 1304 usque ad A. 1307"〕 written shortly after the facts, identifies him as ''nomine Dulcinus, filius presbyteri Iulii de Tarecontano Vallis Ossole diocesis Novariensis'' (by name Dulcinus, son of presbyter Julius from Tarecontano of the Ossola Valley in the diocese of Novara); a few years later the inquisitor Bernardo Gui〔Bernardo Gui, "De secta illorum qui se dicunt esse de ordine apostolorum"〕 in his work on heretical sects reports the same information changing the word ''presbyteri'' to ''sacerdotis'' (priest) thus concluding that he was the illegitimate son of a priest. The research of Orioli shows that ''De Julio Presbitero'' was actually the name of a wealthy family of Vercelli belonging to the Ghibellines often married with members of the Tornielli family of nearby Novara (Romagnano Sesia), also Ghibellines, so he proposes that Dolcino could be the son of a couple that united members of both families.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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