|
Dominique-André Chambarlhac (17 May 1754 – 4 August 1823) was a military engineer of the French Army during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Born in Arraye-sur-Seille (Lorraine), he belonged to a family of native nobility of Vivarais.〔 Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Courcelles, (''Dictionnaire universel de la noblesse de France'' ), Au Bureau général de la noblesse de France,1822, pp. 73–74.〕 〔Sources disagree on the commune of his birth: some say Arrage-sur-Seille, which is misspelled (Array-sur-Seille). His father André de Chambarlhac, Seigneur de La Chaux, was stationed at Maubeuge in 1753. It isn't clear if his mother, Marie Mathieu, was also present there. See Nicolas Viton de Saint Allais, (''Nobiliare universel de France, ou recueil général des généalogies historiques des maisons nobles de ce royaume'' ). Paris, L'Auteur, 1818, p. 301 or Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Courcelles, (''Dictionnaire universel de la noblesse de France'' ), Au Bureau général de la noblesse de France,1822, pp. 73–74.〕 ==Family and military service== Born on 17 May 1754 in Lorraine, he was the illegitimate son of André de Chambarlhac, Lieutenant colonel and Seigneur de La Chaux, and Marie-Mathieu.〔 Albert Révérend, (''Armorial du premier empire: titres, majorats et armoiries concédés: Chambarlhac'' ), France, Au bureau de "L'Annuaire de la noblesse", 1894, p. 201.〕 〔There is some suggestion that he was actually born in 1752, but not legitimated until 1754, upon the marriage of his parents. See M. de Saint-Allais (Nicolas Viton), (''Nobiliaire universel de France: Chambarlhac'' ), France, Au bureau du Nobiliaire universel de France, Réimprimé à la Librairie Bachelin-Deflorenne, 1876, p. 302.〕 Chambarlhac belonged to a family of Vivarais nobility,〔 and sources frequently confuse his family line with that of Jacques-Antoine de Chambarlhac de Laubespin, also a baron of empire.〔 Joseph Alcide Georgel, (''Armorial historique et généalogique des familles de Lorraine'' ). Elbeuf, Chez l'auteur, 1882, p. 162–163〕〔 For example, Louis-Andre-Antoine Chambarlhac (d 1867) is frequently attributed to Dominique Andre Chambarlhac, but is actually in the Laubespin line. Alcide misattributes parentage; but Albert Révérend places the son with Jacques-Antoine de Chambarlhac.〕 He became a cadet on 1 June 1763, in the King's Infantry Regiment. Admitted to the School of Engineering at Mezieres in 1769, he graduated on 31 January 1773 as second lieutenant and received the certificate for engineering first lieutenant on 18 January 1775. He served successively in such fortifications as Nancy, Verdun, Thionville, Landau and Fort-Louis from 1776 to 1785, and achieved the rank of captain on 30 March 1786.〔 He joined the Vosges volunteers and commanded the Fort-Louis on 11 August 1792. Subsequently, he was appointed lieutenant colonel and engineer-in-chief. As chief engineer, Chambarlhac was responsible for the defense during the siege. Finally, without ammunition, food, or supplies, the garrison surrendered on 14 November 1794; Chambarlhac was not released until 23 September 1795 (''1 vendemaire an IV''). During his captivity, and in recognition of his gallant defense, on 21 March 1795 (''1 germinal an III'' ), he received the rank of brigade chief and director of fortifications.〔 After his release, he served in Strasbourg, another heavily fortified city, from 16 October 1795 (''24 vendemaire an IV''). On 9 March 1796 (''19 Ventose an V''), as chief engineer, joined the Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Throughout 1796, he served in this Army's campaign, supervising the crossing into the German states, and the offensives at several cities. He supervised the technical aspects of the defense of the fortress of Kehl at the end of the campaign, and he was wounded in the leg during one of the French sorties to dislodge the Austrian besiegers.〔 The fortress at Kehl fell on 9 January 1797, and the fortress at Hüngingen a month later. On 19 February 1797 (''1 ventôse an V''), Chambarlhac assumed charge of the fortifications at Landau. He left 29 August 1800 to supervise the refortification of Mainz. The government charged him in 1801 with the demolition of fortifications at Kastel, Ehrenbreitstein and Düsseldorf. On 11 December 1803 (''19 frimaire an XII''), he received a founding patent of the Legion of Honor.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dominique-André de Chambarlhac」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|