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Donatário
A Donatário, a Portuguese word roughly meaning ''endowed'' or ''donated'', sometimes anglicized as ''Donatary'' (though meaning a religious donation), was a private person (often a nobleman) who the Crown bestowed a considerable piece of land (called a ''donataria'') to administer. Donated at his discretion, the monarch exempted these titleholders from normal colonial administration; the bestowed was comparable to a royal governor and ''de facto'' equivalent to a British Lord Proprietor.
==History==
Normally, the donatário was the recipient of a Captaincy, a territorial division and land grant, within Portuguese colonies. It was an effective administrative system that ceded certain rights and responsibilities to the Donatário, that facilitated settlement of unpopulated places with little cost to the Crown.〔Susana Goulart Costa (2008), p.231〕
The donatário was obligated to govern their territories under specific terms: in exchange for the grant, the donatário received tax immunization, but was also responsible for promoting and settling new residents to his territory, establishing churches (following the Catholic faith), protect them from frequent pirate attacks and promoting agriculture and commerce.〔 While the Donatário assumed expenses of the settlement and economic development, he also benefited from various judicial and fiscal privileges, while the King maintained certain unalienable rights to safeguard territorial and political unity of the Kingdom.〔 Except for private land grants, the territory administrated by the donatário was turned over to settlers and the bestowed was responsible for all the expenses of the Captaincy.〔
Almost dictatorial in their powers, the donatário was limited by the difficulties of the territories they governed.〔 With the Brazilian territories, which were large, the donatários' obligations covered the governorship, expansion and settlement of the territory, necessitating a large labour force, security forces and administrators.〔 Many of the new settlers were criminals, opportunists or political exiles who arrived in these territories to make their fortunes (commercially or politically). At the same time, the donatário promoted the faith, but receiving and assisting the Catholic missionaries that trekked across the Portuguese Empire.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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