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Dönmeh
Dönmeh ((トルコ語:Dönme)) refers to a group of crypto-Jews in the Ottoman Empire who, to escape the inferior condition of ''dhimmis'', converted publicly to Islam, but were said to have retained their beliefs. The movement was historically centred in Salonica.〔Sean McMeekin, The Berlin-Baghdad Express p.75〕 The group originated during and soon after the era of Sabbatai Zevi, a 17th-century Jewish kabbalist who claimed to be the Messiah and eventually converted to Islam in order to escape punishment by the Sultan Mehmed IV. After Zevi's conversion, a number of Jews followed him into Islam and became the Dönmeh.〔() Turkay Salim Nefes (2015) British Journal of Sociology〕 Since the 20th century, assimilated Dönmeh might have intermarried with other groups and most have assimilated into Turkish society.
==Etymology==
The Turkish word ''dönme'' is from the verbal root ''dön-'' that means 'to turn', i.e., "to convert", but in a pejorative sense. They are also called ''Selânikli'' "person from Thessaloniki" or ''avdetî'' "religious convert" ((アラビア語:عودة) ''‘awdah'' 'return'). Members of the group refer to themselves simply as "the Believers" in Hebrew ((ヘブライ語:המאמינים) ''ha-Ma'aminim''),〔(Waiting for the Messiah )〕 or "sazanikos," Turkish for "carp" in honor of the changing outward nature of the fish.〔Maciejko, Pavel (2011). ''The Mixed Multitude: Jacob Frank and the Frankist Movement, 1755–1816.'' Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.〕 An alternate explanation of this self-nomenclature is the prophecy that Sabbatai Zevi would deliver the Jews under the sign of the fish.〔("Dönmeh" ) in Singer, Isidore, ed. (1906). "Jewish Encyclopedia." Jersey City, NJ: Ktav Publishing House. s.v. (accessed 10 March 2013).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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