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Dopamine receptor D4 : ウィキペディア英語版 | Dopamine receptor D4
The dopamine receptor D4 is a G protein-coupled receptor encoded by the gene. As with other dopamine receptor subtypes, the D4 receptor is activated by the neurotransmitter dopamine. It is linked to many neurological and psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, addictive behaviors, Parkinsons disease, and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. It is also a target for drugs which treat schizophrenia and Parkinson disease. The D4 receptor is considered to be D2-like in which the activated receptor inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing the intracellular concentration of the second messenger cyclic AMP. == Genetics == The human protein is coded by the ''DRD4'' on chromosome 11 located in 11p15.5. There are slight variations (mutations/polymorphisms) in the human gene: * A 48-base pair VNTR in exon 3 * C-521T in the promoter * 13-base pair deletion of bases 235 to 247 in exon 1 * 12 base pair repeat in exon 1. * Val194Gly * A polymorphic tandem duplication of 120 bp Mutations in this gene have been associated with various behavioral phenotypes, including autonomic nervous system dysfunction, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia,〔(Gene Overview of All Published Schizophrenia-Association Studies for DRD4 ) - SzGene database at Schizophrenia Research Forum.〕 and the personality trait of novelty seeking.
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