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In the Western tradition of surnames, there are several types of double surname (also double-barreled surname〔The term "double-barreled surname" was in origin used for "pretentious" British double names indicative of (partially) aristocratic background; so in Thomas Innes of Learney, ''The Clans, Septs and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands'' (1970), p. 186. Earlier usage prefers "double-barreled name" in reference to the British double surnames, the more specific "double-barreled surname" is a recharacterization after the recent tendency to use "double-barreled name" for the fashion of hyphenated given names. The term "double-barreled (sur)name" appears to have been coined in the Victorian era, originally with a sarcastic undertone implying pretentiousness; e.g.: *"It is looked on as a public blessing, a boon to the general good-humor, when a statesman is endowed with a double-barreled name. It brings on a perpetual feu de joie of squibs, and makes him so much the more agreeable to everybody but himself." ''Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, a Popular Journal of General Literature'', Volume 18, 1876, p. 385. *"The hero, who was a prince, had a sort of double-barreled name, which would defy all sorts at pronunciation; and so had the heroine. They were names which, no doubt, would be instrumental in selling any fever and ague mixture should they be affixed to it." ''Puck'', Puck Publishing Company, 1878, p. 21. *"an extravagant superfluity of new-coined phraseology and technical terms, which every distinguished person's illness elicits from some fashionable physician with a double-barreled surname and none denoting Christianity." Robert Joshua Leslie, John Leslie (bishop of Clogher), ''The life and times of ... John Leslie, bishop of the Isles, and of Raphoe and Clogher'', 1885, p. 157. But it is now also used more generally of any double surname (an example for this is Azoulai, ''The Question of Competence in the European Union'' (2014:( 180 )) using "double-barreled" to refer to a Danish double surname.〕). If the two names are joined with a hyphen, it may also be called a hyphenated surname. *In British tradition, a double surname is heritable, and mostly taken to imply upper class origin,〔Lucy Clarke-Billings, ("Britain's young elite: A double-barrelled surname helps you get ahead" ), ''The Independent'', 30 March 2015.〕 reflecting an alliance of a woman of higher class who married below her social status. It was then common for her and her husband to assume a double surname so as not to diminish the social status of the woman and to gain for her husband a higher social status. This double surname would then become heritable by the couple's descendants; such was the origin of e.g. Spencer-Churchill. Some of these names were formed in order to preserve a family name which would have become extinct due to the absence of male descendants bearing the name, connected to the inheritance of a family estate. Such was the case with the Harding-Rolls family. *In Hispanic tradition, double surnames are the norm, and not an indication of social status. A person will take the (first) surname of his father, followed by the (first) surname of his mother (i.e. his maternal grandfather's surname). The double surname itself is thus not heritable, but a true patronymic. These names are combined without hyphen (but optionally combined using ''y'' "and"). In addition to this, there are heritable double surnames (''apellidos compuestos'') which are combined with a hyphen. *In German tradition, double surnames are taken upon marriage, written with or without hyphen, combining the husband's surname with the wife's (more recently the sequence has become optional under some legislations). These double surnames are "alliance names" (''Allianznamen'') and as such not heritable. ==British tradition== A few British upper-class families have "triple-barrelled" surnames (e.g. Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe; Cave-Browne-Cave; Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound; Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby; Smith-Dorrien-Smith; Vane-Tempest-Stewart). These are sometimes created when one spouse has a double-barrelled name and the other has a single surname. Nowadays, such names are almost always abbreviated in everyday use to a single or double-barrelled version. There are even a few "quadruple-barrelled" surnames (e.g. Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, Hovell-Thurlow-Cumming-Bruce, Montagu-Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax, Stirling-Home-Drummond-Moray, and the Danish Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs family). The surname of the extinct family of the Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos was the quintuple-barrelled Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville. Captain Leone Sextus Denys Oswolf Fraudatifilius Tollemache-Tollemache de Orellana Plantagenet Tollemache-Tollemache is sometimes quoted as the man with the most ever "barrels" in his surname (six), but in fact all but the last two of these (Tollemache-Tollemache) were forenames. Many double-barrelled names are written without a hyphen (this can cause confusion as to whether the surname is double-barrelled or not). Notable persons with unhyphenated double-barrelled names include David Lloyd George (born with Lloyd as a middle name, but self-transformed into a double barrelled surname), the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams, astronomer Robert Hanbury Brown, Helena Bonham Carter (although she said the hyphen is optional,〔Los Angeles Times Magazine, November 1999〕) comedian Sacha Baron Cohen (however, his cousin Professor Simon Baron-Cohen opted for the hyphen), and Sylvia Llewelyn Davies. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Double-barrelled name」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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