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Mittelbau-Dora (also Dora-Mittelbau and Nordhausen-Dora) was a Nazi concentration camp located near Nordhausen in Thuringia, Germany. It was established in late summer 1943 as a subcamp of Buchenwald concentration camp, supplying labour for extending the nearby tunnels in the Kohnstein and for manufacturing the V-2 rocket and the V-1 flying bomb. In the summer of 1944, ''Mittelbau'' became an independent concentration camp with numerous subcamps of its own. In 1945, most of the surviving inmates were evacuated by the SS. On 11 April 1945, US troops freed the remaining prisoners. Around one in three of the roughly 60,000 prisoners who were sent to Mittelbau did not survive. Today, the site hosts a memorial and museum. ==Background== (詳細はHeeresanstalt Peenemunde'' on the Baltic island of Usedom as well as at the Raxwerke in Wiener Neustadt, Austria and at the Zeppelin works in Friedrichshafen on Lake Constance.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Der Beginn: Die Verlagerung der Raketenproduktion von Peenemünde in den Kohnstein (German) )〕 On 18 August 1943, a bombing raid by the Royal Air Force on Peenemünde ("Operation Hydra") seriously damaged the facilities and ended construction of V-2s there. Other air raids had damaged the other two sites in June and August. As a result, the Nazi leadership accelerated plans to move military construction to areas less threatened by Allied bombers.〔 On 22 August 1943, Adolf Hitler ordered SS leader Heinrich Himmler to use concentration camp workers in future A4/V-2 production. One of the sites selected was at the mountain known as Kohnstein, near Nordhausen in Thuringia. Since 1936, the ' (Wifo) had been building a subterranean fuel depot for the Wehrmacht there. By late summer 1943, this was almost finished.〔 To oversee the creation and operation of the new construction facility, Albert Speer, Himmler and Karl Saur agreed on the foundation of ' (the name referring to the works' location in ''Mitteldeutschland''). Its board consisted of Hans Kammler, who was head of ''Amtsgruppe C'' at the ''SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt'' (WVHA) and two of Speer's armaments managers, and , the former seconded from Commerzbank. To actually run the plant, , who had earlier been in charge of producing the "Tiger I" tank at Henschel, was appointed. The initial contract for Mittelwerk was for 12,000 rockets, valued at 750 million Reichsmark for a standard price per unit, once production reached 5,000 units, of 50,000 Reichsmark per rocket. Especially for Kammler, this became a prestige project.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="Lebendig begraben": Dora im Herbst 1943(German) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mittelbau-Dora」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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