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Doswellia
''Doswellia'' is an extinct genus of archosauriform from the Late Triassic of North America. It belongs to the family Doswelliidae, which also includes the genera ''Archeopelta'' and ''Tarjadia'' from South America. ''Doswellia'' was a terrestrial carnivore that reached a length of 2 m (7 ft) and lived during the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic.〔(PaleoBiology Database: ''Doswellia'', basic info )〕〔http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/archosauria/derived_rauisuchia.html〕 It possesses many unusual features including a wide, flattened head with narrow jaws and a box-like rib cage surrounded by many rows of bony plates. The type species ''Doswellia kaltenbachi'' was named in 1980 from fossils found within the Poor Farm Member of the Falling Creek Formation in Virginia. The formation, which is found in the Taylorsville Basin, is part of the larger Newark Supergroup. ''Doswellia'' is named after Doswell, the town from which remains have been found. A second species called ''D. sixmilensis'' was described in 2012 from the Bluewater Creek Formation of the Chinle Group in New Mexico.
==Description==
''Doswellia'' possesses many highly derived features in its skeleton. The skull is low and elongated with a narrow snout and wide temporal region behind the eye sockets. The temporal region is unusual in that it is euryapsid, which means that the lower of the two temporal holes on either side of the skull has closed. The jugal bone has expanded into the region the lower temporal opening would normally occupy. Paired squamosal bones extend beyond the skull's back margin to form small horn-like projections. The skull of ''Doswellia'' lacks several bones found in other archosauriforms, including the postfrontals, tabulars, and postparietals.
The body of ''Doswellia'' is also distinctive. The neck is elongated and partially covered by a fused collection of bony scutes called a nuchal plate. The ribs in the front part of the torso project horizontally from the spine and then bend at nearly 90-degree angles to give the body of ''Doswellia'' a box-like shape. The blade-like ilium bone of the hip also projects horizontally. The back and underside are covered with ordered rows of bony plates called osteoderms.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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