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Mosasaurus
''Mosasaurus'' (; "lizard of the Meuse River") is a genus of mosasaur, extinct carnivorous aquatic lizards. It existed during the Maastrichtian age of the late Cretaceous period, between about 70 and 66 million years ago, in western Europe and North America. The name means "Meuse lizard", as the first specimen was found near the Meuse River (Latin ''Mosa'' + Greek ''sauros'' lizard).
==Description==
''Mosasaurus'' was among the last of the mosasaurids, and among the largest. As with most mosasaurids, the legs and feet of ''Mosasaurus'' were modified into flippers, and the front flippers were larger than the hind flippers. The largest known species, ''Mosasaurus hoffmannii'', reached lengths up to ,〔Mulder, E.W.A. (1999). "Transatlantic latest Cretaceous mosasaurs (Reptilia, Lacertilia) from the Maastrichtian type area and New Jersey." ''Geologie en Mijnbouw'', 78: 281–300. 〕 slightly longer than its relatives ''Tylosaurus'' and ''Hainosaurus''. ''Mosasaurus'' was also more robust than related mosasaurids. The skull was more robust than in other mosasaurids, and the lower jaws (mandibles) attached very tightly to the skull. They had deep, barrel-shaped bodies, and with their fairly large eyes, poor binocular vision, and poorly developed olfactory bulbs, experts believe that ''Mosasaurus'' lived near the ocean surface, where they preyed on fish, turtles, ammonites, smaller mosasaurids, and plesiosaurians. Although they were able to dive, they evidently did not venture into deeper waters.
The skull of ''Mosasaurus'' tapered off into a short, conical tip. The jaws were armed with massive conical teeth. Their paddle-like limbs had five digits in front and four in back. The body ended in a strong tail, which other mosasaurid fossils suggest had a fluke similar to those of sharks and some ichthyosaurs. The body probably remained stiff to reduce drag through the water, while the end of the tail provided strong propulsion.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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