|
The Drsadvati, Drishadwati or Drishadvati River (, meaning "she with many stones") is a river that was hypothesized by Indologists to identify the route of the revered Vedic river, Saraswati, and the state of Brahmavarta. Brahmavarta was situated on the confluence of the revered rivers Saraswati and Drishadwati during the Vedic period, where the Rishis composed the Vedas and other Sanskrit Granths, which are the basis of Vedic Sanatana Dharma, presently called Hinduism. Though the Drishadvati river has several mentions in the Sanskrit Granths, a clear source of the Drishadwati is not mentioned anywhere. This generates a lot of speculation on the source and route of the Drishadwati river. However, new research, backed by various scientific techniques, is becoming useful to locate the route of the Drishadwati river. Latyayana Srautasutra (10.17) has described it as a seasonal river, while Saraswati as a perennial river up to Vinasana (10.15-19). This shows that Drishadwati river did not have its source in Himalayas. Indeed, according to Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, the Drishadwati river had its source in Vindhya mountains (more details below). ==Origin of Drsadvati== The Drsadvati River has been identified by Oldham with the Chautang River.〔e.g. Keith and Macdonell. 1912. Vedic Index of Names and Subjects.; Oldham: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 25, 58; see Amal Kar and Bimal Ghose 1984〕 Talageri 2000 identifies it with the Hariyupiya river and the Yavyavati river. In 1871, Sir Alexander Cunningham identified Rakshi River as old Drishadwati river and showed its flow from Chunar near Varanasi. Although, Brahman Granths had mentioned that before making a confluence with Saraswati river, Drishadwati had flown from east to west. Rakshi cannot be the river, as it does not fulfill the second description that both Saraswati and Drishadwati had flown in opposite directions too, before making confluence and boundaries of Vedic state of Brahmavarta. While Saraswati had flown from north to south during the Rig Vedic period, the Drishadwati had flown from south to north in Aravalies from pot of Lord Brahma, Pushkar Lake, near Ajmer, to Nangal Chaudhery in South Haryana and took a left turn to reach Satnali to meet Saraswati coming from north to move to Didwana Lake and further south. After major seismic activities in Aravallies, mentioned by several geologists, during 4- 5000BCE, Drishadwati river changed its route and from Nangal Chaudhery,〔Sudhir Bhargava, "Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati river is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati river" Seminar, Saraswati river-a perspective, Nov. 20-22, 2009, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, organised by: Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana, Seminar Report: pages 114-117〕 instead of moving towards east it took a route to north which is the present Sahibi river route, passing through KotKasim in Alwar district, Rewari district According to Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar,〔''Namah Shivaya Shantaya'', English edition, chap. 7, Ananda Marga Publications, 1982 (written under the spiritual name of P. R. Sarkar, that is, Shri Anandamurti).〕 Drishadwati river originates in Vindya monts, in the Baghelkhand area. It was joining the formerly named Carmanvati river coming from the west -afterwards diverted as a result of a big ancient earthquake and today called Chambal- in the south of Prayag (Allahabad). The combined flow, named Sarasvati, was then crossing the current archeological Kosambi site (then a properous city), to merge with the Yamuna and the Ganges at Prayag. After that famous ancient earthquake where the Carmanvati river went to join directly in the Yamuna instead of joining the Drishadvati, the Drishadvati went to join the Son. Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar mentions that the Drishadvati is today passing at Rewa city where it has been renamed Ghaghar (masc.) or Ghaghra (fem.) (Ghághará), which expresses the idea that it makes a rough sound because it contains large rocks and pebbles (Drsad). Brahmanas often mention the Drishadwati river. These Granths were written mostly in the state of Brahmavarta, the descriptions of rivers is most appropriate. Brahmanas point out that Drishadwati river had its origin from the pot of Brahma i.e. Pushkar lake, near Ajmer. Pushkar has the most revered Brahma temple in India. The Pushkar lake website confirms the four branches of revered river (they call them Saraswati) had originated from the hills near Pushkar in different directions. The name Drashadwati has been assigned to one of the branches of this river, which had flown towards the north, because this branch near Brahmavarta had too many stones on the bed. Also, most of the Ashrams of Rishis who compiled Rigveda were on this river only in between Pushkar and Dhosi Hill in Brahmavarta.〔Sudhir Bhargava; Saraswati-a perspective, 2009〕 Rigveda also mentions that Drashadwati river was preferred for making religious sacrifices by Vedic people. In the Manu Smriti, this river and the Sarasvati River define the boundaries of Vedic state of Brahmavarta.〔Manusmriti, Chapter 2, Shalok 17〕 "It says that the land, created by the Gods, which lies between the two divine rivers Sarasvati and Drishadvati, the (sages) call Brahmavarta." Manu Smriti also says that while Saraswati made the northern boundary of Kuru Pradesh, Drishadwati had flown in the south of Kuru Pradesh and north of 'Brahmavarta'. This makes identification of Kuru Pradesh and Brahmavarta important. Mahabharata explains the southern boundaries of Kuru Pradesh up to Guru Dronacharya's Ashram, present day Gurgaon on one end and Rohtak Jangla on other southern end, which comes up to present day Jhajjar city. So Drishadwati should be considered flowing in the south of these cities. Though about 100 rivulets and small rivers had flown from south to the northern side in the 200 km wide Aravali Ranges at the Northern end during the Vedic period 10,000 years ago. The only huge river, which can claim the description of voluminous tributary of Saraswati in the south of Kuru Pradesh, as mentioned in Sanskrit books, is present day Sahibi River.〔Sudhir Bhargava, Convenor, Brahmavarta Research Foundation, Rewari, "Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati river is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati River", Presentation in Seminar 'Saraswati River-a perspective', on Nov. 20-22, 2009, Kurukshetra university, Kurukshetra, pages 114-117, Seminar report, published by Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana.〕 Sahibi has much lower flow at the present time because of low rainfall in catchment area, even having wide dry beds at places, which carries the water from south to north from Districts of Jaipur, Sikar, Alwar Rewari, Jhajjar, Rohtak and Delhi in Yamuna. The water is not only sacred but it holds many fish called "golden doodles". These golden doodles are very valuable and catching one is an instant one billion dollars. The river is also mentioned in the Rig Veda (RV 3.23.4) together with Sarasvati and Apaya. According to Rigved, and Brahmin Granths, Vedic sacrifices were performed on this river and on the Sarasvati River (Pancavimsa Brahmana; Katyayana Sratua Sutra; Latyayana Srauta Sutra). According to the major religious work Srimad Bhagavatam, the Drsadvati is one of the many transcendental rivers in India. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Drsadvati River」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|