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Drosophilidae
Drosophilidae is a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes fruit flies. Another family of flies called Tephritidae also includes fruit flies. The best known species of Drosophilidae is ''Drosophila melanogaster'', within the genus ''Drosophila'', and this species is used extensively for studies concerning genetics, development, physiology, ecology and behaviour. This fruit fly is mostly composed of post-mitotic cells, has a very short lifespan, and shows gradual aging. As in other species, temperature influences the life history of the animal. Several genes have been identified that can be manipulated to extend the lifespan of these insects.
== Economic significance ==
Generally, drosophilids are considered to be nuisance flies rather than pests, since most species breed in rotting material. ''Zaprionus indianus'' Gupta is unusual among Drosophilidae species in being a serious, primary pest of at least one commercial fruit, figs in Brazil.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Pest Alerts - Zaprionus indianus Gupta, DPI )〕 Another species, ''Drosophila suzukii'', infests thin-skinned fruit such as raspberries and cherries and can be a serious agricultural pest.〔(''Drosophila suzukii'' ) Center of Invasive Species Research〕 ''Drosophila repleta'' larvae inhabit drains and spread bacteria. Fruit flies in general are considered as a common vector in propagating acetic acid bacteria〔(Vinegars of the World. ) Chapter 5. ISBN 978-88-470-0865-6〕 in nature. This often ruins the alcohol fermentation process and can ruin beer or wine by turning it into vinegar.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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