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Druzhina
Druzhina, Drużyna or Družyna ((ロシア語:Дружи́на); (ウクライナ語:Дружи́на), ''Druzhýna'' literally a "fellowship") in the medieval history of Poland and Kievan Rus' was a retinue in service of a chieftain, also called ''knyaz.'' The name is derived from the Slavic word ''drug'' (друг, pronounced ''droog'') with the meaning of "companion, friend".〔(Online Etymology Dictionary )〕〔(Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon )〕 Compare it to druhti of old Germanic cultures.
==Early Rus==
In early Rus a druzhina helped the prince administer his principality and constituted the area’s military force. The first members of a druzhina in Rus Khaganate were the Varangians,〔(druzhina (Russian history) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia )〕 whose princes established control there in the 9th century.〔(Kievan Rus (ancient state) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia )〕 Soon members of the local Slavic aristocracy as well as adventurers of a variety of other nationalities became druzhinniki. The druzhina organization varied with time and survived in one form or another until the 16th century.〔(Druzhina definition of Druzhina in the Free Online Encyclopedia )〕
The druzhina was composed of two groups: the senior members, later known as boyars, and the junior members. The boyars were the prince’s closest advisers who also performed higher state functions. The junior members constituted the prince’s personal bodyguard and were common soldiers. Members were dependent upon their prince for financial support, but they served the prince freely and had the right to leave him and join the druzhina of another prince. As a result, a prince was inclined to seek the goodwill of his druzhina by paying the druzhinniki wages, sharing his war booty and taxes with them, and eventually rewarding the boyars with landed estates, complete with rights to tax and administer justice to the local population.
At the Battle of Lake Peipus the army of the Novgorod Republic had about 5000 men in all, and around 3000 men in both the cavalry and infantry were part of Alexander Nevsky's druzhina.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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