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Drymoreomys
''Drymoreomys'' is a rodent genus in the tribe Oryzomyini that lives in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The single species, ''D. albimaculatus'', is known only from the states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina and was not named until 2011. It lives in the humid forest on the eastern slopes of the Serra do Mar and perhaps reproduces year-round. Although its range is relatively large and includes some protected areas, it is patchy and threatened, and the discoverers recommend that the animal be considered "Near Threatened" on the IUCN Red List. Within Oryzomyini, ''Drymoreomys'' appears to be most closely related to ''Eremoryzomys'' from the Andes of Peru, a biogeographically unusual relationship, in that the two populations are widely separated and each is adapted to an arid or a moist environment.
With a body mass of , ''Drymoreomys'' is a medium-sized rodent with long fur that is orange to reddish-buff above and grayish with several white patches below. The pads on the hindfeet are very well developed and there is brown fur on the upper sides of the feet. The tail is brown above and below. The front part of the skull is relatively long and the ridges on the braincase are weak. The palate is short, with its back margin between the third molars. Several traits of the genitals are not seen in any other oryzomyine rodent.
==Taxonomy==
''Drymoreomys'' was first recorded in 1992 by Meika Mustrangi in the state of São Paulo. The animal was not, however, formally described until 2011, when Alexandre Percequillo and colleagues named it as a new genus and species within the tribe Oryzomyini: ''Drymoreomys albimaculatus''. The generic name, ''Drymoreomys'', combines the Greek ''δρυμός'' (''drymos''), meaning "forest", ''ὄρειος'' (''oreios''), meaning "mountain-dwelling", and ''μῦς'' (''mys''), meaning "mouse". The name refers to the animal's occurrence in mountain forest. The specific name, ''albimaculatus'', derives from the Latin ''albus'', meaning "white", and ''maculatus'', meaning "spotted", a reference to the spots of white in the animal's fur. Percequillo and colleagues found little geographic variation among samples of ''Drymoreomys'', although a few traits differ in frequency between populations from the states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina.
According to a phylogenetic analysis of evidence from morphology, the nuclear gene IRBP, and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome ''b'', ''Drymoreomys albimaculatus'' is most closely related to ''Eremoryzomys polius'', an oryzomyine from northern Peru and the only species in the genus ''Eremoryzomys''. Together, ''Drymoreomys'' and ''Eremoryzomys'' are part of Marcelo Weksler's clade D, one of four main clades within Oryzomyini. Some subsequent studies did not support a relationship between the ''Drymoreomys–Eremoryzomys'' clade and the rest of clade D, but this is probably due to saturation of the phylogenetic signal in mitochondrial data. Oryzomyini includes well over a hundred species distributed mainly in South America, including nearby islands such as the Galápagos Islands and some of the Antilles. It is one of several tribes recognized within the subfamily Sigmodontinae, which encompasses hundreds of species found across South America and into southern North America. Sigmodontinae is the largest subfamily of the family Cricetidae, other members of which include voles, lemmings, hamsters, and deermice, all mainly from Eurasia and North America.
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