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Dryopteridaceae
Dryopteridaceae, is a family of leptosporangiate ferns in the order Polypodiales. They are known colloquially as the wood ferns. They comprise about 1700 species and have a cosmopolitan distribution. They may be terrestrial, epipetric, hemiepiphytic, or epiphytic. Many are cultivated as ornamental plants.〔 The largest genera are ''Elaphoglossum'' (600), ''Polystichum'' (260), ''Dryopteris'' (225), and ''Ctenitis'' (150). These four genera contain about 70% of the species.〔 Dryopteridaceae diverged from the other families in eupolypods I about 100 Mya (million years ago).〔 Eric Schuettpelz and Kathleen M. Pryer. 2009. "Evidence for a Cenozoic radiation of ferns in an angiosperm-dominated canopy". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' 106(27):11200-11205. 〕
== Description ==
Rhizomes often stout; creeping, ascending or erect, sometimes scandent or climbing, with non-clathrate scales at apices. Fronds usually monomorphic, less often dimorphic, sometimes scaly or glandular, less commonly hairy. Petioles with numerous round, vascular bundles arranged in a ring, or rarely as few as 3; the adaxial bundles largest. Veins pinnate or forking, free to variously anastomosing; the areoles with or without included veinlets; sori usually round, acrostichoid (covering the entire abaxial surface of the lamina) in a few lineages; usually indusiate, sometimes exindusiate. Indusia, when present, round-reniform or peltate. Sporangia with 3-rowed, short to long stalks; spores reniform, monolete, perine winged.〔
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