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Dubai
Dubai ( ; (アラビア語:دبي) ', Gulf pronunciation: (:dʊˈbɑj)) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=United Arab Emirates: metropolitan areas )〕 It is located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is one of the seven emirates that make up the country. Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature.〔The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa. D Long, B Reich. p.157〕 The city of Dubai is located on the emirate's northern coastline and heads up the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area. Dubai is to host World Expo 2020.
Dubai has emerged as a global city and business hub of the Middle East. It is also a major transport hub for passengers and cargo. By the 1960s Dubai's economy was based on revenues from trade and, to a smaller extent, oil exploration concessions, but oil was not discovered until 1966. Oil revenue first started to flow in 1969. Dubai's oil revenue helped accelerate the early development of the city, but its reserves are limited and production levels are low: today, less than 5% of the emirate's revenue comes from oil. The emirate's Western-style model of business drives its economy with the main revenues now coming from tourism, aviation, real estate, and financial services.〔(Oil share dips in Dubai GDP ) ''AMEInfo'' (9 June 2007) Retrieved on 15 October 2007.〕〔(Dubai economy set to treble by 2015 ) ''ArabianBusiness.com'' (3 February 2007) Retrieved on 15 October 2007.〕 Dubai has recently attracted world attention through many innovative large construction projects and sports events. The city has become iconic for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the world's tallest building, the Burj Khalifa. Dubai has been criticised for human rights violations concerning the city's largely South Asian workforce.〔Mike Davis (2006) (Fear and Money in Dubai ), ''New Left Review'' 41, pp. 47–68〕 Dubai's property market experienced a major deterioration in 2008–09 following the financial crisis of 2007–08, but the emirate's economy has made a return to growth, with a projected 2015 budget surplus.
As of 2012, Dubai is the 22nd most expensive city in the world and the most expensive city in the Middle East. In 2014, Dubai's hotel rooms were rated as the second most expensive in the world, after Geneva.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dubai second-most expensive city to stay in, report says )〕 Dubai was rated as one of the best places to live in the Middle East by American global consulting firm Mercer.
==Etymology==
Many theories have been proposed as to the origin of the word Dubai. One theory suggests the word was used to describe the ''souq'', which was similar to the ''souq'' in Ba. Another theory states that the name came from a word meaning "money", as people from Dubai were commonly believed to be rich due to the thriving trading center of the location. An Arabic proverb says "''Daba Dubai''" ((アラビア語:دبا دبي)), meaning "They came with a lot of money."〔(【引用サイトリンク】Old Dubai )〕 According to Fedel Handhal, a scholar on the UAE's history and culture, the word Dubai may have come from the word ''daba'' ((アラビア語:دبا)) (a past tense derivative of ''yadub'' ((アラビア語:يدب)), which means "to creep"), referring to the slow flow of Dubai Creek inland. The poet and scholar Ahmad Mohammad Obaid traces it to the same word, but to its alternative meaning of "baby locust" ((アラビア語:جراد)) due to the abundant nature of locusts in the area before settlement.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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