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Monte Rosa (Italian: (:ˈmonte ˈrɔːza); also used in German) or Mont Rose (French: (:mɔ̃ ʁoz)) is a huge ice-covered mountain in the Alps, located on the watershed between northern and southern Europe. Its main summit, named ''Dufourspitze'' in honor of the surveyor Guillaume-Henri Dufour, culminates at above sea level and is followed by the three nearly equally high subsidiary summits of Nordend, Zumsteinspitze and Signalkuppe. Monte Rosa is the highest mountain of both Switzerland and the Pennine Alps and is also the second-highest mountain of the Alps and Europe outside the Caucasus.〔Reinhold Messner, ''The big walls: from the North Face of the Eiger to the South Face of Dhaulagiri'', p. 23〕〔The Caucasus Mountains, which include higher peaks than the Alps, are usually included on political maps of Europe, although not systematically. If the Europe–Asia border is defined north of the Caucasus, Monte Rosa is the second-highest summit in Europe after Mont Blanc (or third if Mont Blanc de Courmayeur is considered as a summit).〕 As a massif, Monte Rosa straddles the border between Switzerland and Italy, although its main summit, unlike the three lower ones, lies on the Swiss side, within the canton of Valais.〔, Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911〕 Along with the Lyskamm to the south, the west side of Monte Rosa, with its enormous ice slopes and seracs, forms the boundary and upper basin of the large Gorner Glacier, which descends towards Zermatt. On the east side, the mountain forms an almost vertical 2,400 metre-high wall of granite and ice, the biggest in Europe, overlooking Macugnaga. Monte Rosa was studied by pioneering geologists and explorers, including Leonardo da Vinci in the late fifteenth century and Horace-Bénédict de Saussure in the late eighteenth century. Following a long series of attempts beginning in the early nineteenth century, Monte Rosa's summit was first reached in 1855 from Zermatt by a party of eight climbers led by three guides. The great east wall was first climbed in 1872, from Macugnaga. Each summer a large number of climbers set out from the Monte Rosa Hut on the mountain's west side for the summit via the normal route or for the Margherita Hut on the Signalkuppe, used as a research station. Many tourists and hikers also come each year to the Gornergrat on the west side of the massif, to see the panorama that extends over the giants of the Alps, from Monte Rosa to the Matterhorn. ==Naming== Though ''Rosa'' as well as ''Rose'' mean "pink" in Italian and French respectively, the name is a false cognate derived from the Franco-Provençal Aostan ''patois'' word ''rouése'' meaning "glacier".〔(Monte Rosa on the official website of the Aosta Valley. ) Retrieved on 11.09.2009〕 On old maps as late as 1740, the mountain was named ''Monte Bosa'' and even ''Monte Biosa'' by the inhabitants of Val Sesia. The name ''Mon Boso'' which appears in Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks very likely designated the same mountain.〔Nicholas Shoumatoff, Nina Shoumatoff: ''The Alps: Europe's Mountain Heart'' (page 192). University of Michigan Press 2001, ISBN 0-472-11111-6〕 From Zermatt the mountain was formerly known under the name ''Gornerhorn'' (in German, lit. ''Large mountain'').〔(Alpenwelt Monte Rosa www.brauchtumschweiz.ch ) Retrieved on 11.09.2009〕 The name ''gorner'' is still used for the western ridge that is thrown out from the main mass (''Gornergrat'') and the glacier that lies at its foot (''Gornergletscher'') but not used for the mountain itself anymore. Nowadays, in German, ''Monte Rosa'' is used instead (''Monte Rosa-Gletscher'', ''Monte Rosa-Hütte'', etc...). The summit is distinguished by the name ''Dufourspitze'' (in German, lit. ''Dufour Peak''; Italian: ''Punta Dufour'', French: ''Pointe Dufour''). This replaced the former name ''Höchste Spitze'' (in German, lit. ''Highest Peak'') that was indicated on the Swiss maps before the Federal Council, on January 28, 1863, decided to rename the mountain in honor of Guillaume-Henri Dufour. Dufour was a Swiss engineer, topographer, co-founder of the Red Cross and army officer who led the Sonderbund campaign. This decision followed the completion of the Dufour Map, a series of military topographical maps created under the command of Dufour. The point east of the Dufourspitze, the Dunantspitze, was renamed in 2014 in honor of Henry Dunant, the main founder of the Red Cross. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monte Rosa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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