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Duklja
Duklja ((ギリシア語:Διοκλεία/Diokleia), (ラテン語:Dioclea), ) was a Serb medieval state which roughly encompassed the territories of present-day southeastern Montenegro, from the Bay of Kotor in the west to the Bojana river in the east, and to the sources of the Zeta and Morača rivers in the north. First mentioned in 10th– and 11th century Byzantine chronicles, it was a vassal of the Byzantine Empire until it became independent in 1040 under Stefan Vojislav ( 1034–43) who rose up and managed to take over territories of the earlier Serbian Principality, founding the Vojislavljević dynasty. Between 1043 and 1080, under Mihailo Vojislavljević ( 1050–81), and his son, Constantine Bodin (r. 1081–1101), Duklja saw its apogee. Mihailo was given the nominal title ''King of Slavs'' by the Pope after having left the Byzantine camp and supported a Slavic uprising in the Balkans, in which his son Bodin played a central part. Having incorporated the Serbian hinterland (the core of the earlier Serbian Principality, known as ''Raška'') and installed vassal rulers there, this maritime principality emerged as the most powerful Serb polity, seen in the titles used by its rulers ("Prince of Serbia", "of Serbs"). However, its rise was short-lived, as Bodin was defeated by the Byzantines and imprisoned; pushed to the background, his relative and vassal Vukan became independent in Raška, which continued the fight against the Byzantines while Duklja was struck with civil wars. Between 1113 and 1149 Duklja was the centre of Serbian–Byzantine conflict, with members of the Vojislavljević as protégés of either fighting eachother for power. Duklja was then incorporated as a crown land of the Grand Principality of Serbia ruled by the Vukanović dynasty, subsequently known as ''Zeta'', remaining so until the fall of the Serbian Empire in the 14th century.
==Name==
''Doclea'' was originally the name of the Roman city on the site of modern Podgorica (Ribnica), built by Roman Emperor Diocletian, who hailed from this region of Roman Dalmatia. The Romanized Illyrian tribe known as ''Docleatae'' that inhabited the area derived their name from the city. In later centuries, the Romans hypercorrected the name to ''Dioclea'', wrongly guessing that an ''i'' had been lost due to vulgar speech patterns. ''Duklja'' is the later Slavic version of the name of this region, attributed to the principality under Byzantine suzerainty. The demonym appearing in ''De administrando imperio'' is Διοκλητιανοί, "Diocletians".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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