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Durga Puja ((ベンガル語:দুর্গাপূজা), (アッサム語:দুৰ্গা পূজা), (オリヤー語:ଦୁର୍ଗା ପୂଜା) (:d̪urɡa pudʒa), listen: , "Worship of Durga"), also referred to as Durgotsava ((ベンガル語:দুর্গোৎসব) (:d̪urɡot̪ʃɔb), listen: , "Festival of Durga") or Sharadotsav is an annual Hindu festival in South Asia that celebrates worship of the Hindu goddess Durga. It refers to all the six days observed as ''Mahalaya'', ''Shashthi'', ''Maha Saptami'', ''Maha Ashtami'', ''Maha Nabami'' and ''Vijayadashami''. Durga Puja festival is celebrated from the sixth to tenth day of bright lunar fortnight (shukla paksha/শুক্লপক্ষ) in the Hindu calendar month of Ashvin (আশ্বিন).〔(About Durga Puja - Durgotsav )〕 This period falls in the fortnight corresponding to the festival is called ''Devi Paksha((ベンガル語:দেবী পক্ষ))'', "Fortnight of the Goddess"). ''Devi Paksha'' is preceded by ''Mahalaya''(মহালয়া/ମହାଳୟା), the last day of the previous fortnight ''Pitri Paksha(পিতৃপক্ষ/ପିତୃପକ୍ଷ)'', "Fortnight of the Forefathers"), and is ended on ''Kojagori Lokkhi Puja'' ("Worship of Goddess Lakshmi(লক্ষ্মী/ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀ) on Kojagori Full Moon Night(কোজাগরী পূর্ণিমা/କୋଜାଗରୀ ପୂର୍ଣିମା)"). Durga Puja festival marks the victory of Goddess Durga over the evil buffalo demon Mahishasura(মহিষাসুর/ମହିଷାସୁର). Thus, Durga Puja festival epitomises the victory of Good over Evil. In Bengal, Durga is worshipped as ''Durgotinashini'', the destroyer of evil and the protector of her devotees. Durga Puja is widely celebrated in the Indian states of Assam, Mithila region of Bihar and Nepal, Jharkhand, Manipur, Odisha, Tripura and West Bengal, where it is a five-day annual holiday. In West Bengal, Tripura, which has a majority of Bengali Hindus, it is the biggest festival of the year. In Assam due to presence of huge number of Bengali Hindus and quite a large number of Assamese Hindus of Shakta sect of Hinduism (Assam is predominantly Vaishnavite Hindu populous state), it is one of the biggest religious festivals, as the biggest festival is Bihu which is secular in nature. Not only is it the biggest Hindu festival celebrated throughout the state, it is also the most significant socio-cultural event in Bengali Hindu society. Apart from eastern India, Durga Puja is also celebrated in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Sikkim,Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Kerala. Durga Puja is also celebrated as a major festival in Nepal where 82% population is Hindu, and in Bangladesh where 8.5% population is Hindu. Nowadays, many diaspora Assamese and Bengali cultural organisations arrange for Durgotsab in countries such as the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, France, The Netherlands, Singapore and Kuwait, among others. In 2006, a grand Durga Puja ceremony was held in the Great Court of the British Museum. The prominence of Durga Puja increased gradually during the British Raj in Bengal and erstwhile Assam. After the Hindu reformists identified Durga with India, she became an icon for the Indian independence movement. In the first quarter of the 20th century, the tradition of ''Baroyari'' or Community Puja was popularised due to this. After independence, Durga Puja became one of the largest celebrated festivals in the whole world. It is also the largest open Air Art Exhibition in the World. Durga Puja also includes the worship of Shiva, who is Durga's consort (Durga is an aspect of Goddess Parvati), in addition to Lakshmi, Saraswati with Ganesha and Kartikeya, who are considered to be Durga's children.〔Kinsley, David (1988). ''(Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions ).'' University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06339-2. p. 95.〕 Worship of mother nature is done, through nine types of plant (called "Kala Bou"), including a plantain (banana) tree, which represent nine divine forms of Goddess Durga. Modern traditions have come to include the display of decorated ''pandals'' and artistically depicted sculptures (murti) of Durga, exchange of ''Vijaya'' greetings and publication of Puja Annuals. ==Names== In Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Durga Puja is also called ''Akalbodhan''(অকাল বোধন) ("untimely awakening of Durga"), ''Sharadiya Pujo'' ("autumnal worship"), ''Sharodotsab'' ((ベンガル語:শারদোৎসব) ("festival of autumn"), ''Maha Pujo'' ("grand puja"), ''Maayer Pujo'' ("worship of the Mother") or merely as ''Puja'' or ''Pujo''. In East Bengal (Bangladesh), Durga Puja used to be celebrated as ''Bhagabati Puja''. It is also called ''Durga Puja'' in West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh. Puja is called Navaratri Puja in Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Kerala and Maharashtra,〔(Navratri Puja ), Durga-puja.org〕 Kullu Dussehra in Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh,〔(Kullu Dussehra ), Durga-puja.org〕 Mysore Dussehra in Mysore, Karnataka,〔(Mysore Dussehra ), Durga-puja.org〕 Bommai Golu in Tamil Nadu and Bommala koluvu in Andhra Pradesh.〔("Bommai-kolu" ), Durga-puja.org〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Durga Puja」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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