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Durgasimha
Durgasimha (c. 1025) was the minister of war and peace (''Sandhi Vigrahi'') of Western Chalukya King Jayasimha II (also known as Jagadekamalla, r. 1018–1042).〔Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1122〕 Durgasimha adapted the well-known set of fables, ''Panchatantra'' ("The five stratagems"), from Sanskrit language into the Kannada language in ''champu'' style (mixed prose and verse). The Kannada language version, whose central theme has a strong Jain bent, contains 60 fables, 13 of which are original stories. All the stories have morality as their theme and carry a summary section (''Katha Shloka''). The Kannada version is the earliest Indian vernacular version, and the author, being a minister, not surprisingly, chose to write a book on political science (''Rajniti'').〔〔Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1253〕〔Shastri (1955), p. 357〕 The scholar R. Narasimhachar fixed the date of this work as c. 1025, but the modern Kannada poet and scholar Govinda Pai dated the work to March 8, 1031, based on information in the concluding stanza of the manuscript.〔
==About the author==
Durgasimha was a Brahmin by birth and is known to have belonged to the Smartha Bhagavata sub-sect of Hinduism, a community which gives equal importance to the Hindu gods Shiva and Vishnu.〔〔Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 19〕 He was a native of Kisukadu Nadu, another name for ancient Karnataka, and was a resident of the Sayyadi Brahmin school of higher learning (''agrahara'').
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