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Durrani ((パシュトー語:دراني)) or Abdali ((パシュトー語:ابدالی)) is the name of a chief Sarbani Pashtun tribal confederation in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Originally known by their ancient name ''Abdali'', which may derive from the more ancient ''Ebodalo'' (Bactrian: ''ηβοδαλο'' / "Hephthalites"), they have been called ''Durrani'' since the beginning of the Durrani Empire in 1747.〔Encyclopædia Britannica, (Durrani )〕 The number of Durranis are estimated to be roughly 16% of the population of Afghanistan or 5 million individuals.〔(Ethnologue 14 report for language code:PBU )〕 Durrani are found throughout Afghanistan and Pakistan; although large concentrations are found in southern Afghanistan, they are also found to a lesser extent in east, west and central Afghanistan. Many Durranis are found in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. The Durrani Pashtuns of the Afghan capital Kabul are usually bilingual in Pashto and Dari Persian. The ruling Sadozai and Barakzai dynasties of Afghanistan were originally from the Durrani. == History == They were known in the past as ''Abdalis'', from approximately the 7th century until the mid-18th century when Ahmad Shah Durrani was chosen as the new Emir and the Durrani Empire was established.〔(Treaty of Kalat between Balochistan and Afghanistan in 1758 )〕 One of Ahmad Shah's first acts as Emir was to adopt the title ''padshah durr-i durran'' ('King, "pearl of the age").〔The Afghans (2002) By Willem Vogelsang. Page 229.〕 He united the Pashtun tribes following a loya jirga in western Kandahar and changed his own name from Ahmad Shah Abdali to Ahmad Shah Durrani. Since that period, the kings of Afghanistan have been of Durrani extraction. The origins of the Abdalis were most likely the Hephthalites.〔http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDISS_derivate_000000007165/01_Text.pdf?hosts=〕 However, the traditional tribal-mythical account of the Abdalis is traced to (Qais ul-Malik) Abdal Rashid (the first and supposed founder of the Pakhtun/Pukhtun race). Qais Abdur Rashid had three sons, one of them was Sarbani whose first son was Sharf ud-din (Sharakh-bun) and his eldest son was Tarin or Tareen and Tareen had four sons, of whom one Malik Abdal (Abdali) and Abdal's son was Rajjal after Rajjal comes his son Isa, who produced a son Sulaiman Zirak Khan who was the ancestor of the Durranis. The Zirak line begins with Sulaiman Zirak Khan. Zirak was father of Popalzai, Barakzai, and Alakozai.〔Life of the Amîr Dost Mohammed Khan, of Kabul: with his political ..., by Mohan Lal, Volume 1. Page 1-3.〕 The Durranis were the most divided Pashtun tribe (مهمبن) during the rule of the Ghilji, with some having openly opposed them. The Durrani are the politically dominant Pashtun group in Afghanistan as the former President of Afghanistan, Hamid Karzai, is of the Durrani sub-group known as the Popalzai and has close ties to the last king of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah, another member of the Durrani tribe Mohammadzai/Barakzai. According to Hayat Khan's history of Afghanistan from their progenitor Bor Tareen, otherwise known as Abdal, are descended their two main divisions the Zirak and the Panjpai. The term Abdal, however, gradually superseded that of Bor Tareen and came into special prominence when Ahmad Shah Abdali Sadozai/Popalzai commonly known as Durrani, began his career of conquest. The Achakzais are, in strictness, a branch of the Barakzai but Ahmad Shah, Durrani himself an Abdal/Bor Tarin/Tareen, fearing the growing numbers of the Barakzai, separated them from the parent stock, since which time their organization has remained distinct. It is still used, though sparingly, for the Achakzai, who have become localised in Toba and are regarded as a separate political unit from the rest of the Tarin/Tareens. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Durrani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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