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Dykwynkyn
Richard Wynn Keene (9 December 1809 – 28 November 1887) is mainly remembered today under his theatrical name of Dykwynkyn. Keene was a Victorian designer of costumes, props, mechanical effects and scenery for plays and pantomimes on the London stage, with a strong sense of wit and a special feeling for animals. He contributed some notable props for the first cycle of Wagner's Ring at Bayreuth. He was also an artist and in his earlier career a manufacturer and inventor of building materials. Keene's cement, a type of hard plaster for internal use, perpetuates his name. Keene achieved his theatrical distinction despite being severely or almost totally deaf. Probably for that reason he was never a public figure, and he died in penury.
== Early career ==
Keene was born in Birmingham, where his father John Williams Keene may have run a business connected with the arms trade. Drawings he made while visiting London in 1828 show that his artistic abilities and visual sense of humour were already well developed. By 1834, when he married Mary Garner Morgan, a widow, at St Mary's, Lambeth, he had settled in London and was already probably working in the cement industry, as he described himself as a cement merchant the following year, when he had an address off the Waterloo Road, while two years later he was working for a manufacturer at Nine Elms and looking for premises of his own.〔The Times, 28 October 1837.〕 The trade was then developing rapidly along the south bank of the Thames and Keene seems to have been interested in exploring the use of cement for modelling and sculpture.
In 1838 Keene and John Danforth Greenwood, giving their address as Belvedere Road, Lambeth, patented the invention now known as Keene’s cement. This was a kind of hard plaster formed by heating a gypsum-based compound to over 170 °C. According to the patent application, it was to be used for ‘the purpose of producing Ornamental Surfaces’.〔''The Repertory of Patent Inventions'', new series, vol. 10, June–December 1838, pp. 229–232.〕 Though the invention was soon taken up, the patentees seem to have made little money from it, and in 1843 Greenwood, a physician by training, emigrated to New Zealand.
Between about 1841 and 1851 Keene ran a business under his own name at Vauxhall Walk as a manufacturer of terracotta.〔Post Office Directories.〕 This was still then an experimental trade, covering different processes and purposes. Keene seems to have avoided the developing market for terracotta drains, bricks or building materials, concentrating instead on mosaic-making and other artistic features. He supplied capitals for columns at the Reform Club for Sir Charles Barry, and exhibited samples of mosaic pavement made from terracotta and similar materials at the Great Exhibition in 1851.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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