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Dynamin is a GTPase responsible for endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. Dynamins are principally involved in the scission of newly formed vesicles from the membrane of one cellular compartment and their targeting to, and fusion with, another compartment, both at the cell surface (particularly caveolae internalization) as well as at the Golgi apparatus.〔Henley, J.R., Cao, H., McNicven, M.A. (1999). (“Participation of dynamin in the biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles”. ) ''The FASEB Journal'', 13, S243-S247.〕〔Hinshaw, J. (“Research statement, Jenny E. Hinshaw, Ph.D.” ) National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Biology. Accessed 19 March 2013.〕 Dynamin also plays a role in many processes including division of organelles, cytokinesis and microbial pathogen resistance. Dynamin is part of the "dynamin superfamily," which includes classical dynamins, dynamin-like proteins, Mx proteins, OPA, mitofusins, and GBPs. Dynamin itself is a 96 kDa enzyme, and was first isolated when researchers were attempting to isolate new microtubule-based motors from the bovine brain. Dynamin has been extensively studied in the context of clathrin-coated vesicle budding from the cell membrane.〔〔McMahon. (2004). (“Researching Endocytic Mechanisms: Dynamin. ) Accompaniment to ''Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology'', 5, 133-147.〕 == Function == As a vesicle invaginates, dynamin forms a spiral around the neck of the vesicle. Once the spiral is in place, it extends lengthwise and constricts through GTP hydrolysis. This lengthening and tightening of the coil around the vesicle neck causes it to break and results in the pinching off of the vesicle from the parent membrane. An example of a vesicle is a clathrin-coated pit.〔〔 To view a ‘cartoon’ image of the non-constricted and constricted state of dynamin spirals, please follow this link: http://dynamin.niddk.nih.gov/figure5.html.〔 The first structure on the left is dynamin in its relaxed state. The structure on the right is dynamin in its constricted state. This shows the extent to which dynamin tightens and changes when GTP is converted to GDP.〔 This constriction is in part the result of the twisting activity of dynamin. This twisting required GTP hydrolysis. Dynamin is the only molecular motor known to have a twisting activity. Dynamin is a right-handed helix and has a right-handed twisting activity that explains its tightening and the reduction in the pitch of the helix described above. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dynamin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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