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Dāna (दान) is a Sanskrit and Pali word that connotes the virtue of generosity, charity or giving of alms in Indian philosophies.〔William Owen Cole (1991), Moral Issues in Six Religions, Heinemann, ISBN 978-0435302993, pages 104-105〕〔 It has also been spelled as ''Daana''.〔Shah et al (2013), Soulful Corporations: A Values-Based Perspective on Corporate Social Responsibility, Springer, ISBN 978-8132212744, page 125, Quote: "The concept of Daana (charity) dates back to the Vedic period. The Rig Veda enjoins charity as a duty and responsibility of every citizen."〕〔S Hasan and J Onyx (2008), Comparative Third Sector Governance in Asia, Springer, ISBN 978-1441925961, page 227〕 In Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, dāna is the practice of cultivating generosity. It can take the form of giving to an individual in distress or need.〔 It can also take the form of philanthropic public projects that empower and help many.〔 According to historical records, dāna is an ancient practice in Indian traditions, tracing back to Vedic traditions.〔〔 ==Hinduism== Dāna (Sanskrit: दान) means giving, often in the context of donation and charity.〔(दान ) Sanskrit English Dictionary, University of Koeln, Germany〕 In other contexts, such as rituals, it can simply refer to the act of giving something.〔 Dāna is related to and mentioned in ancient texts with concepts of ''Paropakāra'' (परोपकार) which means benevolent deed, helping others;〔(परोपकार ) Sanskrit English Dictionary, University of Koeln, Germany〕〔Helena Águeda Marujo and Luis Miguel Neto (2013), Positive Nations and Communities, Springer, ISBN 978-9400768680, page 82〕 ''Dakshina'' (दक्षिणा) which means gift or fee one can afford;〔(दक्षिणा ) Sanskrit English Dictionary, University of Koeln, Germany〕〔James G. Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, Rosen Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8, page 169〕 and ''Bhiksha'' (भिक्षा), which means alms.〔(bhikSA ) Sanskrit English Dictionary, University of Koeln, Germany〕〔Alberto Garcia Gomez et al. (2014), Religious Perspectives on Human Vulnerability in Bioethics, Springer, ISBN 978-9401787352, pages 170-171〕 Dāna has been defined in traditional texts as any action of relinquishing the ownership of what one considered or identified as one's own, and investing the same in a recipient without expecting anything in return.〔Krishnan & Manoj (2008), Giving as a theme in the Indian psychology of values, in Handbook of Indian Psychology (Editors: Rao et al.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-8175966024, pages 361-382〕 While dāna is typically given to one person or family, Hinduism also discusses charity or giving aimed at public benefit, sometimes called ''utsarga''. This aims at larger projects such as building a rest house, school, drinking water or irrigation well, planting trees, and building care facility among others.〔Sanjay Agarwal (2010), Daan and Other Giving Traditions in India,, page 54-62〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dāna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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