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Dīn
' (, also anglicized as Deen) is an Arabic word which is commonly associated with Islam, but it is also used in Sikhism and Arab Christian worship. The term is loosely associated with "religion", but as used in the Qur'an, it means the way of life in which righteous Muslims are obligated to adopt in order to comply with divine law (Quran and sunnah), or Shari'a, and to the divine judgment or recompense to which all humanity must inevitably face without intercessors before God.〔e.g. 1:4, 2:256, 4:46, 8:72, 9:11, 9:122, 15:35, 22:78, etc.〕 Thus, although secular Muslims would say that their practical interpretation of ''Dīn'' conforms to "religion" in the restricted sense of something that can be carried out in separation from other areas of life, both mainstream and reformist Muslim writers take the word to mean an all-encompassing way of life carried out under the auspices of God's divine purpose as expressed in the Qur'an and hadith. As one notably progressive Muslim writer puts it, far from being a discrete aspect of life carried out in the mosque, "Islam is Dīn, a complete way of life".〔"Inside the Gender Jihad", p. 92, Amina Wadud, Oneworld Publications, 2006〕
==Etymology==
How the term ''Dīn'' came to be used in Islamic Arabia is uncertain, but its use in modern Persian may derive etymologically from the Zoroastrian concept of ''Daena'', as it is called in the ancient Eastern Iranian Avestan language, which represents "insight" and "revelation", and from this "conscience" and "religion". Here, ''Daena'' is the Eternal Law, which was revealed to humanity through the Mathra-Spenta ("Holy Words"). Alternatively, the Hebrew term "דין", transliterated as "dīn", means either "law" or "judgement". In the Kabbalah of Judaism, the term can, alongside "Gevurah" (cognate to the Arabic "Jabaarah"), refer to "power", and to "judgement".〔https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Din.html〕 It may be the root of the common Semitic word Madīnah (city), and of Madyan, a geographical place and a people mentioned in the Bible and in the Qur'an. Thus, ''Dīn'' does not simply mean "religion" or "faith", but refers to "Governance".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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