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The ''dūdas'' is a type of bagpipe native to Latvia and Estonia, popular from the 16th to 18th centuries. ==History== The instrument is believed to have first appeared in Livonia in the 15th century, with the first documentary evidence of such appearing in the 16th century. The 1550 publication ''Cosmographia'' by the scientist Sebastian Münster of Basel shows images of a witch and devils dancing accompanied by a bagpiper, a lutanist, and a lyre player. It is, however, not clear whether the instrument in the drawing is meant to represent instrument used within Livonia or instruments, or is taken from the general style of representing music players in European artwork. As more direct evidence, Balthasar Russow, in his ''Livonian Chronicle'' gave the following description of Livonian peasants: "As early as Saturday farmers came from a large distance with their wives, daughters and servants, and immediately resorted to drinking. Dūdas was audible almost a mile away, such hilarity went on all the night until morning. The peasants came drunk to worship God, they talked so loud that the pastor almost lost consciousness from the noise. And when they, having learned nothing, left the church, then began again drinking, dancing, songs and jumping, one could pass out of the great noise, women singing, and the sound from many dūdas. "〔Stabulnieks latviešu mūzikas dzīvē un folklorā. V. Muktupāvels, http://www.music.lv/mukti/Stabulnieks.htm〕 Playing the dūdas was banned from 1753 on, but the greatest work of destroying the dūdas tradition was done by the Herrnhutian movement - in the areas of Vidzeme where Herrnhutian congregations were the most active, almost all the instruments were collected and destroyed, as a result little is known about older musical traditions of lower classes. At the end of the 19th century, such musical instruments had disappeared throughout most of Latvia, and only in Alsunga were pipers still present in the beginning of the 20th century. The best-known of these was the bagpiper Pēteris Šeflers, he made a record in 1930s and can also be seen playing in the film ''Dzimtene sauc ''(''The Motherland Calls''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dūdas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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