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E85
E85 is an abbreviation for an ethanol fuel blend of 85% denatured ethanol fuel and 15% gasoline or other hydrocarbon by volume, although the exact ratio of fuel ethanol to hydrocarbon can vary considerably while still carrying the E85 label. The ethanol content is adjusted according to the local climate to maximize engine performance. ASTM 5798 specifies the allowable fuel ethanol content in E85 as ranging from 51% to 83%.〔"(Handbook for Handling, Storing, and Dispensing E85 and Other Ethanol-Gasoline Blends. )" US Department of Energy. afdc.energy.gov Retrieved October 2, 2013.〕 E85 is commonly used by flexible-fuel vehicles (FFV) in the United States and Europe. In the United States, government subsidies of ethanol in general and E85 in particular have encouraged a growing infrastructure for the retail sale of E85, especially in corn growing states in the Midwest.
One purported advantage of E85 over conventional gasoline is a reduction in tailpipe emissions, if one disregards the fact that E85 increases the emissions of acetaldehyde from vehicles.〔"(Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles: E85. )" US Department of Energy. afdc.energy.gov Retrieved March 15, 2012.〕 Additionally, there is a greater potential for localized production of ethanol in agricultural areas and utilization of waste materials. Also, a diversification of fuel sources reduces dependence on any one particular type of fuel and may increase stability of supply.
==Fuel economy==
E85 promoters contend that automotive manufacturers currently fail to equal the fuel economy of gasoline because they fail to take advantages of characteristics which are superior in ethanol-based fuel blends. They claim that some ethanol engines have already produced 22% more miles per gallon than identical gasoline engines.〔M. Brusstar, et al., “High Efficiency and Low Emissions from a Port-Injected Engine with Neat Alcohol Fuels”, SAEPaper 2002-01-2743, 2002.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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