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E-Estonia
e-Estonia refers to a movement by the government of Estonia to facilitate citizen interactions with the state through the use of electronic solutions. E-services created under this initiative include e-Elections, an e-Tax Board, e-Business, e-Banking, e-Ticket, e-School, University via internet, the e-Governance Academy, as well as the release of several mobile applications.
== History ==
In 1992, Estonia regained its independence as a sovereign nation following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Prior to this, there was little in the way of technology; under half of its population had a phone line and the only method of communication with those outside of the country that it controlled was a Finnish phone hidden in the garden of the foreign minister. Following independence, the then Prime Minister Mart Laar helped push the country through a period of modernization, establishing the foundation needed to bring the country into the digital age.
Digital reform followed through to the present. Early during the reform Estonia refused an offer from Finland to give it its old analogue telephone exchange for free, electing instead to build its own digital phone system. An initiative to provide schools with computers succeeded in granting every school in the country with internet access by 1998. In 2000, the government declared internet access to be a human right, causing its spread into rural areas.
Such changes allowed members of both the public and private sectors of the country to innovate through the use of technology. The internet-based telecommunications software Skype originated in Estonia, and is often cited as an example of the success of these reforms.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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