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E-liquid
E-liquid is the mixture used in vapor products such as electronic cigarettes.〔 The main ingredients in the e-liquid usually are propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, and flavorings.〔 However, there are e-liquids sold without propylene glycol, nicotine, or flavors.〔〔〔 The liquid typically contains 95% propylene glycol and glycerin.〔 The flavorings may be natural or artificial.〔 About 8,000 flavors exist as of 2014.〔 There are many e-liquids manufacturers in the USA and worldwide.〔 While there are currently no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) manufacturing standards for e-liquid, the FDA has proposed regulations that are expected to be finalized in late 2015.〔 Industry standards have been created and published by the American E-liquid Manufacturing Standards Association (AEMSA).〔
== Contents ==
E-liquid, e-fluid, or e-juice is the mixture used in vapor products including e-cigarettes.〔 E-Liquids come in many variations, including different nicotine strengths and many different flavors. The main ingredients are propylene glycol, glycerin, and flavorings; and most often, nicotine in liquid form. The liquid typically contains 95% propylene glycol and glycerin, and the remaining 5% being flavorings and nicotine. E-liquid can be made with or without nicotine, with >90% of e-liquids containing some level of nicotine. The most regularly used base carrier chemical is propylene glycol with or without glycerin. E-liquid containing glycerin and water made without propylene glycol are also sold. It is uncertain whether the nicotine used in e-liquid is manufactured using a United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade nicotine, a tobacco plant extract, tobacco dust or a synthetic nicotine. Most e-cigarette liquids contain nicotine, but the level of nicotine varies depending on user-preference and manufacturers. Although some e-juice is nicotine-free, surveys demonstrate that 97% of e-cigarette users use products that contain nicotine. A 2015 review suggests that 1% of users use liquid without nicotine.
The e-liquid is sold in bottles or pre-filled disposable cartridges, or as a kit for consumers to make their own e-juices.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = Ecigarette Mag )〕 Some vendors of e-liquids, offer options to change the amounts of flavorings or nicotine strengths, and build each bottle customized for the purchaser.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Ecigarette Mag )〕 E-liquids are made with various tobacco, fruit, and other flavors,〔 as well as variable nicotine concentrations (including nicotine-free versions).〔 The standard notation "mg/ml" is often used on labels to denote nicotine concentration, and is sometimes shortened to "mg". In surveys of regular e-cigarette users, the most popular e-liquids have a nicotine content of 18 mg/ml, and the preferred flavors were largely tobacco, mint and fruit. A cartridge may contain 0 to 20 mg of nicotine.〔 EU regulations cap the concentration of nicotine in e-liquid at a maximum of 20 mg/mL.〔 A refill bottle can contain up to 1 g of nicotine. Refill liquids are often sold in the size range from 15 to 30 mL. One cartridge may typically last as long as one pack of cigarettes. Some liquids without flavoring is also sold. The flavorings may be natural or artificial. About 8,000 flavors exist as of 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.who.int/nmh/events/2014/backgrounder-e-cigarettes/en/ )〕 A user does not normally consume a whole cartridge in a single session. Most e-liquids are produced by a few manufacturers in China, the US and Europe.〔 An e-cigarette user will usually obtain 300 to 500 puffs per mL of liquid.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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