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Carbon black (subtypes are acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, and a small amount from vegetable oil. Carbon black is a form of paracrystalline carbon that has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, albeit lower than that of activated carbon. It is dissimilar to soot in its much higher surface-area-to-volume ratio and significantly lower (negligible and non-bioavailable) PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) content. However, carbon black is widely used as a model compound for diesel soot for diesel oxidation experiments.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Experimental and kinetic study of the interaction of a commercial soot toward no at high temperature )〕 Carbon black is mainly used as a reinforcing filler in tires and other rubber products. In plastics, paints, and inks carbon black is used as a color pigment.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Market Study: Carbon Black )〕 The current International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) evaluation is that, "Carbon black is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B)". Short-term exposure to high concentrations of carbon black dust may produce discomfort to the upper respiratory tract, through mechanical irritation. ==Common uses== Total production was around in 2006.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is Carbon Black )〕 The most common use (70%) of carbon black is as a pigment and reinforcing phase in automobile tires. Carbon black also helps conduct heat away from the tread and belt area of the tire, reducing thermal damage and increasing tire life. Carbon black particles are also employed in some radar absorbent materials used in the reduction of the radar cross-section of aircraft and in photocopier and laser printer toner, and other inks and paints. The high tinting strength and stability of carbon black has also provided use in coloring of resins and films.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Application Examples of Carbon Black )〕 About 20% of world production goes into belts, hoses, and other non-tire rubber goods. The balance is mainly used as a pigment in inks, coatings and plastics. For example, it is added to polypropylene because it absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which otherwise causes the material to degrade. Carbon black from vegetable origin is used as a food coloring, in Europe known as additive E153. It is approved for use as additive 153 (Carbon blacks or Vegetable carbon)〔Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code(【引用サイトリンク】title=Standard 1.2.4 – Labelling of ingredients )〕 in Australia and New Zealand〔 but has been banned in the US.〔US FDA:(【引用サイトリンク】title=Colour Additive Status List )〕 Carbon black has been used in various applications for electronics. As a good conductor of electricity, carbon black is used as a filler mixed in plastics, elastomer, films, adhesives, and paints.〔 Application of carbon black as an antistatic agent has provided uses as an additive for fuel caps and pipes for automobiles. Additionally, the color pigment Carbon Black has been widely used in food and beverage packaging around the world for many years. It is used in multi-layer UHT milk bottles in the US, parts of Europe and Asia, and South Africa, and in items like microwavable meal trays and meat trays in New Zealand. Within Australasia the safe use of the color pigment Carbon Black in packaging must comply with the requirements of either the EU or US packaging regulations and if any colorant is used it must meet European partial agreement AP(89)1.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code )〕 The Canadian Government’s assessment (an extensive review of Carbon Black) in 2011 concluded that Carbon Black should continue to be used in products – including food packaging for consumers – in Canada. This was because “in most consumer products carbon black is bound in a matrix and unavailable for exposure, for example as a pigment in plastics and rubbers” and “it is proposed that Carbon Black is not entering the environment in a quantity or concentrations or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health.”〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Draft Screening Assessment for the Challenge )〕 There are strict guidelines available and in place to ensure employees who manufacture Carbon Black are not in a working environment where they are at risk of inhaling unsafe doses of Carbon Black in its raw form.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Carbon Black: Potential Human Carcinogen, Centres of Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carbon black」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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