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Distress radiobeacon
Distress radio beacons, also known as emergency beacons, PLB (Personal Locator Beacon), ELT (Emergency Locator Transmitter) or EPIRB (Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon), are tracking transmitters which aid in the detection and location of boats, aircraft, and people in distress. Strictly, they are radiobeacons that interface with worldwide offered service of Cospas-Sarsat, the international satellite system for search and rescue (SAR). When manually activated, or automatically activated upon immersion or impact, such beacons send out a distress signal. The signals are monitored worldwide and the location of the distress is detected by non-geostationary satellites, and can be located by some combination of GPS trilateration and doppler triangulation.〔(What happens when I activate my beacon? )〕
The basic purpose of a distress radiobeacon is to help rescuers find survivors within the so-called "golden day"〔(Community Emergency Response Team Participant Handbook )〕 (the first 24 hours following a traumatic event) during which the majority of survivors can usually be saved.
Since the inception of Cospas-Sarsat in 1982, distress radiobeacons have assisted in the rescue of over 28,000 people in more than 7,000 distress situations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cospas-sarsat.org/en/operatons/sar-events-rescue-stories/statistics )〕 In 2010 alone, the system provided information which was used to rescue 2,388 persons in 641 distress situations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cospas-sarsat.org/en/operatons/sar-events-rescue-stories/sarevents )〕
==General description==
Most beacons are brightly colored and waterproof. EPIRBs and ELTs are larger, and would fit in a cube about on a side, and weigh . PLBs vary in size from cigarette-packet to paperback book and weigh 200 g to 1 kg (½ to 2½ lb). They can be purchased from marine suppliers, aircraft refitters, and (in Australia and the United States) hiking supply stores. The units have a useful life of 10 years, operate across a range of conditions , and transmit for 24 to 48 hours.〔()〕 The cost of radiobeacons varies according to performance and specifications.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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