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ESCI was a well-known Italian scale model manufacturer, which is no longer in business. == History == "Ente Scambi Coloniali Italiani" (E.S.C.I.) was an Italian company of scale model kits, active until 1991. It was founded in the 1930s by an Italian merchant of Jewish descent, named Agiman. Initially, the company dealt in import/export between Italy and its African colonies. The advent of racial laws during World War II forced the owner to move to Switzerland with his family until the end of the conflict. Returning to Italy, he resumed business activities undertaken previously and expanded, thanks to the economic boom of the 1960s. In the mid-1960s, Agiman entered the static model market with the first imports of kits from Japan. The business expanded, and at the end of the 1960s, alongside the founder's son, Daniel Agiman (successor of his father), joined two new partners: Dino Coppola and Franco Baldrighi. E.S.C.I. became "ESCI Modellistica snc.", located in the industrial area of Via Torino in Cernusco sul Naviglio (MI). Compared to other modeling companies at the time, ESCI was primarily a sales office, able to make contacts and cultivate global business. The production division of the company relied on third-party companies and technicians, who commissioned craftsmen, molds, and sometimes production and packaging. The company's production was heterogeneous and ranged from talented producers in the industry as Italaerei (today Italeri), Otaki, LS, up to local artisans. Thus, production ranged from molds of high-level kits to less detailed molds with positive panel lines. Real production began in 1972, with the launch of additional decal sheets which allowed modelers to finish the kits in different liveries for the first time. Each decal sheet was packaged in a plastic bag with a detailed instruction sheet containing eight different profile colors, and a third sheet with a detailed explanation of the history and origins of each insignia. The product achieved considerable commercial success, and ESCI was able to invest its new resources in 1:9 scale motorcycle kits. The first plastic production kit was the BMW R75 with sidecar, followed by the Harley-Davidson WLA, and the Zündapp KS750, all hand-crafted by the famous creator master modeler Manuel Olive Sans. These were followed by the SdKfz 2 Kettenkrad and Volkswagen Kübelwagen. A partnership with Italaerei was established for production of the molds, which could not advertise this collaboration on the boxes, as they were formal rivals in the kit market. The relationship between ESCI and Italeri began in full friendship, even if later relations deteriorated for competitive reasons. The growing model kit industry led the company to start a new armor series, using the atypical and new 1:72 scale, usually used for planes, in contrast to the standard 1:76 scale. The dimensional consistency with the aircraft scale made their armor scale choice popular, thanks to a high level of quality that allowed ESCI to become one of the leading manufacturers in the kit market. Sales success lead to the production of new molds, and in 1977, ESCI launched a successful series of modern airplanes in 1:48 scale, followed by a successful series in 1:72 scale. Between 1977 and 1983 the production of molds increased further, and the company inaugurated a practice followed widely used by all producers: several boxes of the same subject were released with new decal sheets or variants and new box art. Together with models of aircraft, armored vehicles, and motorcycles, were also models of trucks, cars, trains, ships, and figures. The discerning choice of subjects was the basis of some commercial success of the company. A representative case was the mold of the Panavia Tornado in 1:48 scale, done in 1975 when the prototype of the real aircraft was undergoing its initial flight tests. The Tornado was the most advanced European aircraft of the time. Although lacking detail, the ESCI Tornado remained the only model for this plane in 1:48 for 17 years, becoming also the company's best-seller. In 1984, ESCI introduced separated track links for AFV model kits. In the same year they also started an innovative product: 1:12 scale cockpits of aircraft such as the F-104 and F-16. The 1985 catalog, distributed by Ricordi in Milan, shows a redesign of the boxes, with the replacement of the predominant color white with red on box art. An impressive list of products was offered: 350 kits of aircraft, including 121 subjects (77 in 1:48 scale and 44 in 1:72). In the mid-1980s, the first signs of market crisis took the modeling industry in a new direction characterized by an increasingly high level in quality of the molds (mainly the use of emerging technology CAD/CAM); this, combined with advent of the first video games and electronic media quickly shifted the attention of young people. The combination of financing pressures and maintenance of ESCI's impressive catalog required substantial investments that lead to the entrance of a new partner who could give new life to the company. In 1987, the three partners gave a majority stake in the company to Ertl, the American distributor of ESCI kits at the time. The catalog of 1991 shows a radical downsizing of products, bringing the number of kits to 290. 100 of these were airplanes (22 in 1:48 scale and 75 in 1:72 scale). At the end of 1991 CEO Dino Coppola left the company with some employees to found the CDC-Collector Armour Ltd., a company specializing in the production of die cast cars, armored vehicles, and aircraft, that would be in business until 2001. In 1993, ESCI - ERTL SpA was finally liquidated. Some of the molds moved to Central America, and others ended up in areas that have become conflict zones, and therefore difficult to recover for future reissues. Ertl moved some molds to the United States to be used by AMT. Ertl decided to release the best products under the AMT logo, leaving the logo ESCI as products of lower quality and intended for larger distribution. Production moved to Tijuana in Mexico, and later in China and was characterized by the use of very soft plastic that degraded assembly of AMT and ESCI kit reissues. In the 1990s, AMT developed a series of new molds to model aircraft of World War II. The last official catalog was printed in 1999 by the local Italian distributor, and the few boxes that came to stores went almost completely unnoticed. The same year, economic difficulties at Ertl also led to the sale to Racing Champions. In 2000 the final ESCI molds were taken by Italeri which today is selling again the best of the old production. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ESCI」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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