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ESTCube-1
ESTCube-1 is the first Estonian satellite and first satellite in the world with an electric solar wind sail (e-sail). Developed as part of the Estonian Student Satellite Program, it was launched on 7 May 2013 aboard a Vega carrier rocket〔(ESA: Launch schedule )〕 and successfully deployed into orbit.〔 Student Satellite is an educational project in which university and high school students can participate. The CubeSat standard for nanosatellites was followed during the engineering of ESTCube-1, resulting in a 10x10x11.35 cm cube, with a volume of 1 liter and a mass of 1.048 kg.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Estonia’s student cubesat satellite is ready for the next Vega launch )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=ESTCube-1 mentioned in Nature's regional report )〕
==Scientific purpose==
While emphasis was placed on educating students during creation of ESTCube-1, it does have a scientific purpose. On board the satellite is an electric solar wind sail (E-Sail) which was invented by Finnish scientist Pekka Janhunen. During the ESTCube-1 flight, 10 meters of 20–50 micrometer thick E-Sail wire, sometimes referred to as "Heytether," were deployed from the satellite. The deployment of the Heytether is detected by a decrease of the satellite's rotation speed or an onboard camera.
To control the E-Sail element's interaction with both the plasma surrounding the Earth and the effect it has on the spacecraft's spinning speed, two nanotechnology electron emitters/guns are on board. The electron emitters are connected to the E-Sail element which it loads positively to 500 volts by shooting out electrons. The positive ions in the plasma push the E-Sail element and influence the satellite's rotation speed. The effect of the plasma on the E-Sail is measured by the change in said rotation speed.
After the measurements on the E-Sail effect are completed, the Heytether is used as a plasma-brake by loading its ionosphere opposite to the plasma's ionosphere. This demonstrates a possibility for returning small satellites from orbit. A color CMOS camera is also on board that is capable of making RAW-format pictures with VGA-resolution. This camera is used to acquire images of Earth and to monitor deployment of the Heytether.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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