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Ebion
Ebion (Greek: ''Εβιων'') was the presumed eponymous founder of an early Christian group known as the Ebionites. The existent historical evidence indicates that the name "Ebionite" is derived from a Hebrew word, "ebion" (אביון) meaning "poor"〔Origen knew the etymology in the 3rd century, (''De Principiis'', IV, 22 ).〕〔See for example the Catholic Encyclopedia entry for (Ebionites ).〕 and thus not from someone's name. Ebion is generally seen today as a purely literary figure, whose reputed existence in antiquity was used to explain where the Ebionites got their inspiration. However, once he had been accepted as real, a small tradition developed around him that lasted in early learned Christian circles for a few centuries.
==Ebion according to the church fathers==
(詳細はTertullian is the first writer noted for mentioning Ebion, which he does a number of times, mainly related to the notion that Jesus was a man and not divine. As an example, Tertullian writes, if Jesus "were wholly the Son of a man, He should fail to be also the Son of God, and have nothing more than 'a Solomon' or 'a Jonas,'--as Ebion thought we ought to believe concerning Him."〔Tertullian, ''De Carne Christi'', 18.〕 In a text called "''Against All Heresies''", an anonymous work once attributed to Tertullian,〔See chapter 3 of the work. The author is referred to as Pseudo-Tertullian and the work is thought to be related to Hippolytus's lost "''Syntagma''".〕 Ebion is referred to as the successor to Cerinthus. This places Ebion in the early 2nd century and as part of a particular heretical tradition. By the time Epiphanius wrote his text on heresies, "''The Panarion''", nearly a century after Tertullian, Ebion had received a birthplace, a hamlet called Cochabe in the district of Bashan, was thought to have travelled through Asia, and even come to Rome.〔Epiphanius of Salamis, ''Panarion'' 30.〕
Jerome believed that Ebion lived at the time of John the Apostle〔Jerome, ''Dialogus Adversus Luciferianos'', 23 & ''Matthew Prologue''.〕 and had been refuted by John for not believing Jesus existed before Mary.〔Jerome, ''e Viris Illustribus Liber Ad Dextrum'', 9.〕 He thought that Ebion translated the Old Testament himself〔Jerome, ''In Epistolam Beati Pauli Ad Galatas'', 3:13-14.〕 and refers to Ebion's baptism.〔Jerome, ''Dialogus Adversus Luciferianos'', 26.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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