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Eboracum ( or ) was a fort and city in the Roman province of Britannia. In its prime it was the largest town in northern Britain and a provincial capital. The site remained occupied after the decline of the Roman Empire and ultimately evolved into the present-day city York, occupying the same site in North Yorkshire, England. Two Roman Emperors died in Eboracum: Septimius Severus in 211 AD, and Constantius Chlorus in 306 AD. ==Etymology== The first known recorded mention of Eboracum by name is dated and is an address containing the Latin form of the settlement's name, "''Eburaci''", on a wooden stylus tablet from the Roman fortress of Vindolanda in what is now the modern Northumberland.〔 p. 13〕 During the Roman period, the name was also written in the form ''Eboracum'' and ''Eburacum''.〔 The etymology of Eboracum is uncertain as the language of the indigenous population of the area was never recorded. However, the generally accepted view of British history,〔Schama, S. A History of Britain vol. 1 ISBN 0-563-48714-3〕〔Jones, T. Barbarians. ISBN 978-0-563-53916-2〕〔Pryor, F. Britain BC. ISBN 978-0-00-712693-4〕 is that the inhabitants of Britain at this time spoke a Celtic language related to modern Welsh. This language has been reconstructed from Latin place names and modern Celtic languages, and has been called by scholars Common Brythonic. The name "Eboracum" is thought to have derived from the Common Brythonic ''Iburakon'' which probably means "place of the yew trees".〔 p. 27; the wholly fictitious king ''Eburak'', ruling in the days of biblical King David, was an invention of Geoffrey of Monmouth's ''Historia Regum Britanniae''. 〕 The word for "yew" was probably something like '' *ibura'' in Celtic (cf. Old Irish ''ibar'' "yew-tree", (アイルランド語:iúr) (older ''iobhar''), (スコットランド・ゲール語:iubhar), (ウェールズ語:efwr) "alder buckthorn", (ブルトン語:evor) "alder buckthorn"), combined with the suffix '' *-āko(n)'' "place" (cf. Welsh ''-og'')〔Xavier Delamarre, ''Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise'', éditions errance 2003, p. 159.〕 meaning "place of the yew trees" (cf. ''efrog'' in Welsh, ''eabhrach/iubhrach'' in Irish Gaelic and ''eabhrach/iobhrach'' in Scottish Gaelic, by which names the city is known in those languages). The name is then thought to have been Latinized by replacing ''-acon'' with ''-acum'', according to a common use noted in Gaul and Lusitania. The different Évry, Ivry, Ivrey, Ivory in France would all come from '' *Eboracum / *Eboriacum''; for example: Ivry-la-Bataille (Eure, ''Ebriaco'' in 1023–1033), Ivry-le-Temple (''Evriacum'' in 1199)〔(Ernest Nègre, ''Toponymie générale de la France'' (French) : Ivry )〕 Évry (Essonne, ''Everiaco'' in 1158),〔(Ernest Nègre, ''Toponymie générale de la France'' (French) : Évry )〕〔DELAMARE 159〕 etc. In Lusitania the city of Ebora (later Ebora Cerealis and the town of Eburobrittium (modern day Óbidos) would also come from the same '' *Eboracum / *Eboriacum'' root despite the different form of latinization used in the Óbidos as the ending itself (''-brittium'') was either of Celtic or unknown origin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eboracum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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