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Eia or Eye was a Medieval manor in Middlesex and now part of Central London.〔(F. H. W. Sheppard, "The Acquisition of the Estate", ''Survey of London 39: The Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair, Part 1 (General History)'' (1977), London, London County Council, pp. 1–5 ) (12 April 2015).〕 A smaller manor called Ebury or Eybury, and the village of Eye Cross, were originally part of the manor of Eia – and derive their names from it. Both Ebury and a corruption of it, Avery,〔Girling, Brian; 2013, ''Belgravia & Knightsbridge Through Time'', Stroud, Glouc., Amberley Publishing Limited, p. 62.〕 can still be found in the names of local streets and other places. The broader area covered by the original manor of Eia included much of the present SW1 postcode area, including: Hyde Park (which dates from 1536), the grounds of Buckingham Palace (1703) and Belgravia, a country road known later as Park Lane and most parts of Mayfair, Pimlico, and Knightsbridge. The name Eia is believed to have originated as a latinisation of the Anglo-Saxon toponym ''eyai'', which means "island",〔J. E. B. Gover, 1922, ''The Place Names of Middlesex'', London, Longmans, p. 22.〕 in reference to a marsh that once dominated the area. ==Middle Ages== Eia was a rural manor during the early medieval period, located on land around the underground River Tyburn (which still flows beneath the courtyard and south wing of Buckingham Palace), immediately west and north of Thorney Island, which became the site of Westminster Abbey.〔O. G. Goring, (1937). ''From Goring House to Buckingham Palace''. London: Ivor Nicholson & Watson, p.15〕〔Patricia Wright, 2012, ''The Strange History of Buckingham Palace'', Stroud, Gloucs., The History Press, p. 160.〕 Ownership of the site changed hands many times in the Middle Ages. Its owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey. In the late 11th century, around the time of the Domesday Book, the manor of Eia was divided into three smaller manors: Hyde (the north-western part), Ebury or Eyebury/Eia (central area) and La Neyte or Neat (to the south-east). Neyte was a small island in the marsh (in what is now Pimlico), on which a house was built for the Abbot of Westminster Abbey.〔Wright, p. 160.〕 (While Neyte may have been the origin of the name Knightsbridge, they were clearly distinct areas in the Middle Ages.) By the 12th century a river crossing on the Tyburn, known as Cow Ford had become the site of a hamlet called Eye Cross. The exact location of the settlement is now uncertain (although it likely sat near, or in, the south-western corner of the present grounds of Buckingham Palace).〔Wright, 2012, p. 40.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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