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Ecopop (''ECOlogie et POPulation'', "Ecology and Population") is a Swiss voluntary association established in 1971 dedicated to the preservation of non-renewable resources and the reduction of overpopulation. Ecopop is a member of ''European Population Alliance'' (founded 2012).〔(European Population Alliance )〕 Founded under the mathematical trend of exponential growth of world population and the finiteness of natural resources, and inspired by the Club of Rome, the association is formed as part of the nascent ecology movement as ''Arbeitsgruppe Bevölkerungsentwicklung'' ("working group for population development"). It was renamed to its current name in 1987. It was active throughout the 1970s to 2000s in organising conferences and podiums on population growth. ==Popular initiative== In 2011, the general assembly decided to launch a popular initiative with the aim of reducing population growth in Switzerland. The initiative was officially declared valid on 4 December 2012. It was submitted to the voters on 30 November 2014, who rejected it (74.1% NO votes).〔(ECOPOP results )〕 The initiative proposes to insert two articles into the Swiss Constitution #reduction of net population growth due to immigration to a maximum of 0.2% of total population per year #at least 10% of Swiss federal development aid is to be invested in programs to encourage voluntary family planning. Throughout the 40 years of its existence the association had ostensibly been part of the ecology movement, proposing degrowth out of Malthusian concerns mostly aimed at an academic or intellectual public, and during the 1970s it explicitly denounced populist or xenophobic motivation for immigration control advocated by James Schwarzenbach. Nevertheless in the political climate of the immigration debate in Switzerland, especially due to the proximity of Ecopop's initiative to the immigration referendum of February 2014, which resulted in widespread fears among the political and economic elite of deteriorating relations with the European Union, critics tended to accuse Ecopop or its supporters of (variously) xenophobic, racist, fascist, selfish or hypocritical motives.〔Res Strehle, ''(Warum ein Ja zu Ecopop fatal wäre )'', ''Tages-Anzeiger'', 7 November 2014〕〔NZZ Article, 1.9.2014, ''(Bezeichnung «Birkenstock-Rassisten» rechtens )''〕 These attacks were mostly based on the initiative's second paragraph dedicated to global rather than national population growth, as the idea of foreign aid invested in curbing population growth in developing countries was attacked as politically incorrect and some leftist critics went as far as equating it with child euthanasia in Nazi Germany.〔''Die Genfer SP-Nationalrätin Maria Roth-Bernasconi warf Ecopop vor, der Verein postuliere Euthanasie, also die Tötung «lebensunwerten» Lebens, wie sie im Dritten Reich praktiziert wurde. Auch der Fraktionschef der Grünen, der ebenfalls aus Genf stammende Antonio Hodgers, rückte Ecopop in die Nähe des Nationalsozialismus.'' ("Geneva National Coucillor Maria Roth-Bernasconi (Social Democrats) claimed that Ecopop proposed Euthanasia, i.e. the killing of "unworthy" life as practiced in the Third Reich. Head of the Green parliamentary grop Antonio Hodgers, also from Geneva, placed Ecopop in the ideological neighbourhood of National Socialism.") (Weniger sei mehr ), ''Weltwoche'' 45/2012.〕 Recommendations by parties and organisations were predominantly negative, even Green Party of Switzerland,〔(Grüne – rare Spezies bei Ecopop ) ''Landbote'' 21 March 2014.〕 the Green Liberal Party of Switzerland and Greenpeace Switzerland took a negative stance, as did the notoriously immigration-critical Swiss People's Party (on the national level, with several cantonal sections in support).〔Michael Hug, (Wer ist schuld, wenn Ecopop angenommen wird? ), ''Berner Zeitung'', 8 November 2014〕 While leftist opposition to Ecopop is mostly expressed as criticism of xenophobia, centrist and right-of-center parties oppose it because of its economic repercussions, as a cap on immigrant workers in Switzerland would deprive the economy of flexible recruitment of specialists as well as deteriorate Switzerland–European Union relations.〔Ruedi Studer, («Ecopop schadet unserem Land» ), ''Blick'', 31 October 2014.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ecopop」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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