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, also romanized as Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo.〔US Department of State. (1906). ( ''A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements'' (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759 ); excerpt, "The Mikado, on assuming the exercise of power at Yedo, changed the name of the city to Tokio".〕 It was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period, it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and home to an urban culture centered on the notion of a "floating world".〔Sansom, George. ''A History of Japan: 1615–1867'', p. 114.〕 ==History== (詳細はbakufu'' headquarters at Edo, the town became the ''de facto'' capital and center of political power, although Kyoto remained the formal capital of the country. Edo grew from what had been a small, little-known fishing village in 1457 into the largest metropolis in the world with an estimated population of 1,000,000 by 1721.〔〔Gordon, Andrew. (2003). ''A Modern History of Japan from Tokugawa Times to the Present'', p. 23.〕 Edo was repeatedly devastated by fires, with the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657 being the most disastrous. An estimated 100,000 people died in the fire. During the Edo period, there were about 100 fires mostly begun by accident and often quickly escalating and spreading through neighborhoods of wooden ''machiya'' which were heated with charcoal fires. Between 1600 and 1945, Edo/Tokyo was leveled every 25–50 years or so by fire, earthquakes, or war. In 1868, when the shogunate came to an end, the city was renamed ''Tokyo'' ("eastern capital"). The emperor moved his residence to Tokyo, making the city the formal capital of Japan: * ''Keiō 4'': On the 17th day of the 7th month (September 3, 1868), Edo was renamed Tokyo.〔Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869,'' p. 327.〕 * ''Keiō 4'': On the 27th day of the 8th month (October 12, 1868), Emperor Meiji was crowned in the ''Shishin-den'' in Kyoto.〔Ponsonby-Fane, p. 328.〕 * ''Keiō 4'': On the eighth day of the ninth month (October 23, 1868), the nengō was formally changed from ''Keiō'' to ''Meiji'' and a general amnesty was granted.〔 * ''Meiji 2'': On the 23rd day of the 10th month (1868), the emperor went to Tokyo and Edo castle became an imperial palace.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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