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The Greek educational system is mainly divided into three levels, primary, secondary and tertiary, with an additional post-secondary level providing vocational training. Primary education is divided into kindergarten lasting one or two years, and primary school spanning six years (ages 6 to 12). Secondary education comprises two stages: Gymnasio (variously translated as Middle or Junior High School), a compulsory three-year school, after which students can attend Lykeion (an academically oriented high school) or Vocational training. Higher Tertiary education is provided by Universities and Polytechnics, Technological Educational Institutes (T.E.I., 1983 ~ present) and Academies which primarily cater for the military and the clergy. Undergraduate courses typically last 4 years (5 in polytechnics and some technical/art schools, and 6 in medical schools), postgraduate (MSc level) courses last from 1 to 2 years and doctorates (PhD level) from 3 to 6 years. All levels are overseen by the Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs. The Ministry exercises centralised control over state schools, by prescribing the curriculum, appointing staff and controlling funding. Private schools also fall under the mandate of the Ministry, which exercises supervisory control over them. At a regional level, the supervisory role of the Ministry is exercised through Regional Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education, and Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education operate in every Prefecture. Tertiary institutions are nominally autonomous, but the Ministry is responsible for their funding, and the distribution of students to undergraduate courses. Currently the Greek government only recognises the degree programmes offered by the state-run universities although there are several private universities and colleges offering degree programmes that are validated and overseen by American, British and other European universities. The Greek government is pressured to recognise these overseas programmes. All levels of education are catered for by both private and public schools. State-run schools and universities do not charge tuition fees and textbooks are provided free to all students, although, from 2011 onwards, there has been noticed a shortage in new textbooks, forcing students to either buy stock books from bookshops, or participate in parent-teacher association-run book trades. There are also a number of private tutors schools, colleges and universities operating alongside the state education and providing supplementary tuition. These parallel schools (Greek: ''φροντιστήριο, frontistirio (singular)'') provide foreign language tuition, supplementary lessons for weak students as well as exam preparation courses for the competitive Panhellenic national examinations. Most of the students typically attend such classes (and examinations) at the tutors schools in the afternoon and evening in addition to their normal schooling. The Greek education system has been criticised over the years by Greek people for various issues, like difficulty levels of the exams during Panhellenic Examinations, number of teaching hours in schools etc. ==Primary education== Elementary schools are called "''Dimotiko''" (demotic, meaning municipal), a carryover term from a time when such schools were run by local communities. The name remains although it has been obsolete for decades. In the first two years pupils are not officially graded, and parents obtain feedback about their performance via oral communications with teachers. Grading begins in Year 3, and written exams are introduced in Year 5. Graduating from one year to the next is automatic, and pupils with deficient performance are given remedial tutoring. Years are called "classes", from first to sixth: * Year 1 (''Πρώτη δημοτικού''): age 6 to 7 * Year 2 (''Δευτέρα δημοτικού''): age 7 to 8 * Year 3 (''Τρίτη δημοτικού''): age 8 to 9 * Year 4 (''Τετάρτη δημοτικού''): age 9 to 10 * Year 5 (''Πέμπτη δημοτικού''): age 10 to 11 * Year 6 (''Έκτη δημοτικού''): age 11 to 12 A normal school-day starts at 8.15 and finishes from 14.00 to 16.15 depending on the school. The classes last between 40 and 90 minutes. The school year always starts on September 11 and ends on June 15. The students have summer vacation (about 3 months), Christmas vacation (2 weeks) and Easter vacation (2 weeks). Furthermore, students take usually another four days off in order to celebrate their two national holidays (28/10 and 25/3). Basic subjects: *Modern Greek Language (7 hours/week) *Mathematics (5 hours/week) *Environmental Studies (2–4 hours/week) *Physical Education (4 hours/week) *Music (1 hours/week) *Art (1 hours/week) *Theatrical Studies (1 hour/week) *Flexible Zone (1–2 hours/week) *English (2–4 hours/week) (The hours a week for a subject may vary from the teacher who teaches) Additional Subjects: *Physics (3 hours/week and only for years 5 and 6) *Geography (2 hours/week and only for years 5 and 6) *History (2 hours/week and for years 3-6) *Religion (1 hours/week and for years 3-6) *Social & Political Studies (1 hours/week and only for years 5 and 6) *Second Foreign Language (2 hours/week and only for years 5 and 6) Grading System: *1st Year: no grades *2nd Year: no grades *3rd Year: A-C (and rarely D) *4th Year: A-C (and rarely D) *5th Year: 1-10 *6th Year: 1-10 Enrollment to the next tier of compulsory education, the ''Gymnasium'', is automatic. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Education in Greece」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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