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An effigy is a representation of a specific person in the form of sculpture or some other three-dimensional medium. The use of the term is normally restricted to certain contexts in a somewhat arbitrary way: recumbent effigies on tombs are so called, but standing statues of individuals, or busts, are usually not. Likenesses of religious figures in sculpture are not normally called effigies. Effigies are common elements of funerary art, especially as a recumbent effigy (in a lying position) in stone or metal placed on a tomb, or a less permanent "funeral effigy", placed on the coffin in a grand funeral, wearing real clothing. Figures, often caricature in style, that are damaged, destroyed or paraded in order to harm the person represented by magical means, or merely to mock or insult them or their memory, are also called effigies. It is common to burn an effigy of a person ("burn in effigy") as an act of protest. The word comes, perhaps via French, from the Latin, meaning "representation", and originally was used in English in the plural only – even a single image was "the effigies of ..." The word occurs in Shakespeare's ''As You Like It'' of 1600 (II, vii, 193), though it first appeared in 1539. "In effigie" was probably understood as a Latin phrase until the 18th century.〔 ==Caricature effigies== The best known British example of a caricature effigy is the figure of the 1605 Gunpowder Plotter Guy Fawkes, found in charge of gunpowder to blow up the King in the House of Lords. On November 5, Guy Fawkes Night or Bonfire Night, his effigy, typically of straw and old clothing is still traditionally burned on a bonfire accompanied by fireworks. In many parts of the world there are traditions of large caricature effigies of political or other figures carried on floats in parades at festivals. Political effigies serve a broadly similar purpose on political demonstrations and annual community rituals such as that held in Lewes, on the south coast of England. In Lewes, models of important or unpopular figures in current affairs are burned on Guy Fawkes Night, formerly alongside an effigy of the Pope. In Oriental Orthodox Christianity populace used to burn an effigy of Judas, just before Easter. Now it is considered an obsolete custom and there are currently no attempts at revival. Caricature effigies, in Greek skiachtro (pl. skiachtra, σκιάχτρο / σκιάχτρα) are still in use to prevent birds from eating mature fruit, mainly grapes 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Effigy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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