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Eikonoklastes
''Eikonoklastes'' (from the Greek εἰκονοκλάστης, "iconoclast") is a book by John Milton, published October 1649. In it he provides a justification for the execution of Charles I, which had taken place on 30 January 1649. The book's title is taken from the Greek, and means "Iconoclast" or "breaker of the icon", and refers to ''Eikon Basilike'', a Royalist propaganda work. The translation of ''Eikon Basilike'' is "icon of the King"; it was published immediately after the execution. Milton's book is therefore usually seen as Parliamentarian propaganda, explicitly designed to counter the Royalist arguments.
==Background==
Milton was commissioned to write ''Eikonoklastes'' as a response to Charles I's supposed ''Eikon Basilike'' (1649). The tract was intended to be the official argument by the Commonwealth government.
''Eikon Basilike'' was published just after Charles I's execution, and the work portrayed him as a martyr. The piece was written with straightforward political aims, to stir up popular sentiment in support of the former monarch and to undermine the control of the Commonwealth government. The work proved so popular that there were 35 editions produced that year. Milton's approach was different from that of ''Eikon Basilike'', which may have in fact been a composite work with John Gauden involved in ghostwriting: instead of appealing to popular sentiment, Milton's work was closely argued and tried to meet each of the points in the ''Eikon''.〔Dobranski 1999 p. 15〕〔Holly Faith Nelson, Jim Daems, ''(Eikon Basilike: The Portraiture of His Sacred Majesty in His Solitudes and Sufferings: with Selections from Eikonoklastes )''. 2006. pp. 19–20.〕
Milton believed, certainly, that the ''Eikon Basilike'' created a false idol and he wanted to destroy it with truth.〔Raymond 2003 p. 206〕 ''Eikonoklastes'', titled ''Eikonolastes in Answer to a Book Intitl'd Eikon Basilike, The Portrature of his Sacred Majesty in his Solitudes and Sufferings'', was issued in two versions in October 1649, in English, and was enlarged in 1650. It was quite soon translated into Latin and French. In 1651 a reply appeared, ''Eikon Aklastos'' ("the icon unbroken").〔Zwicker 1993 p. 37〕 It was written by Joseph Jane, involved in royalist organisation.〔Peacey 2004 p. 107〕
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