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The Eixample ((:əˈʃampɫə), Catalan for 'extension') is a district of Barcelona between the old city (Ciutat Vella) and what were once surrounding small towns (Sants, Gràcia, Sant Andreu etc.), constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its population was 262,485 at the last census (2005). There are six administrative neighborhoods: *L'Antiga Esquerra de l'Eixample (in the past, part of Esquerra de l'Eixample) *La Nova Esquerra de l'Eixample (in the past, part of Esquerra de l'Eixample) *Dreta de l'Eixample *Fort Pienc *Sagrada Família *Sant Antoni ==Architecture and design== The Eixample is characterized by long straight streets, a strict grid pattern crossed by wide avenues, and square blocks with chamfered corners (named ''illes'' in Catalan, ''manzanas'' in Spanish). This was a visionary, pioneering design by Ildefons Cerdà, who considered traffic and transport along with sunlight and ventilation in coming up with his characteristic octagonal blocks, where the streets broaden at every intersection making for greater visibility, better ventilation and (today) some short-stay parking space. The grid pattern remains as a hallmark of Barcelona, but many of his other provisions were unfortunately ignored: the four sides of the blocks and the inner space were built instead of the planned two or three sides around a garden; the streets were narrower; only one of the two diagonal avenues was carried out; the inhabitants were of a higher class than the mixed composition dreamed of by Cerdà. The important needs of the inhabitants were incorporated into his plan, which called for markets, schools, hospitals every so many blocks. Today, most of the markets remain open in the spots they have been from the beginning. Some parts of the Eixample were influenced by ''Modernista'' architects, chief among whom was Antoni Gaudí. His work in the Eixample includes the Casa Milà (nicknamed ''La Pedrera'') and the Casa Batlló, both of which are on the wide Passeig de Gràcia, as well as the Sagrada Família. Other architects who made highly significant, and certainly more numerous, contributions to giving the Eixample its characteristic appearance include Josep Puig i Cadafalch, Josep Domènech i Estapà, Josep Vilaseca i Casanovas and perhaps above all Enric Sagnier i Villavecchia, responsible for a total of over 500 buildings in the city (not all of them in the Eixample).〔Barjau, Santi: Enric Sagnier, Labor, Barcelona, 1992. ISBN 84-335-4802-6〕 The Casa Terrades, better known as Casa de les Punxes, is a spectacular building replete with Mediaeval allusions that stands at the junction of Av. Diagonal with Carrer Rosselló. It was built in 1903-5 by the ''Modernista'' architect Josep Puig i Cadafalch, who used Nordic Gothic and Spanish Plateresque resources side by side, along with traditional Catalan motifs.〔 Hernàndez-Cros, Josep Emili (ed.). ''Catàleg del Patrimoni Arquitectònic Històrico-Artístic de la Ciutat de Barcelona'', Barcelona, Ajuntament de Barcelona, 1987〕 The Casa Batlló is part of a block called the Illa de la Discòrdia, along with two other notable ''Modernista'' works, Lluís Domènech i Montaner's Casa Lleó Morera and Josep Puig i Cadafalch's Casa Amatller. The block is so named due to the visual clash between the buildings; its Spanish name, ''Manzana de la Discordia'', is also a pun on Eris's Apple of Discord - ''manzana'' means both "apple" and "city block". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eixample」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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