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Ekbletomys
"''Ekbletomys hypenemus''" is an extinct〔Ray, 1962, table 10〕 oryzomyine rodent from the islands of Antigua and Barbuda, Lesser Antilles. It was described as the only species of the subgenus "''Ekbletomys''" of genus ''Oryzomys'' in a 1962 Ph.D. thesis, but that name is not available under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the species remains formally unnamed. It is currently referred to as "''Ekbletomys hypenemus''" in the absence of a formally available name.〔Turvey, 2009, unnumbered table〕 The species is now thought to be extinct, but association with introduced ''Rattus'' indicates that it survived until after 1500 CE on Antigua.
It is known from abundant skeletal elements, which document it as the largest known oryzomyine, on par with ''Megalomys desmarestii'', another Antillean endemic. Its morphological features indicate that it is distinct from ''Megalomys'', which includes various other Antillean oryzomyines, and derives from a separate colonization of the Lesser Antilles by oryzomyines. In the original description, it was placed close to a species now placed in ''Nephelomys'', but its relationships have not been studied since.
==Taxonomy==
Remains of "''Ekbletomys''" were first found on Barbuda in the summer of 1958〔Auffenberg, 1958, p. 248〕 and subsequently on Antigua in 1961. In his 1962 Ph.D. thesis at Harvard University, paleontologist Clayton E. Ray described them as a new species, ''Oryzomys hypenemus'', which he considered distinctive enough to merit its own subgenus, ''Ekbletomys''. The specific name, ''hypenemus'', is derived from ύπηνεμος (hypênemos), which means "leeward" in Ancient Greek and refers to the species' distribution in the Leeward Islands, and the subgeneric name, ''Ekbletomys'', combines Ancient Greek εκβλητος (ekblêtos) "cast up" and μυς (mus) "mouse", referring to the way "''Ekbletomys''" probably reached its islands.〔Ray, 1962〕 Because Ray's thesis does not meet the definition of a "published work" in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature,〔International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1999, Art. 8. http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp〕 both new names proposed by Ray are not available and cannot be used in formal zoological nomenclature. The name has rarely been used in the literature on Antillean oryzomyines since, and no formal description has been published; thus, the animal still lacks a formally available name.〔Turvey, 2009, unnumbered table, note 20〕
Large oryzomyines from Antigua and Barbuda have been reported in several subsequent studies, but these did not explicitly refer the material to Ray's "''Oryzomys hypenemus''". New material has come from Indian Creek and Burma's Quarry on Antigua and from Indiantown Trail and Sufferers on Barbuda.〔Steadman et al., 1984; Watters et al., 1984; Pregill et al., 1988, 1994〕 These studies referred the Antigua and Barbuda material to "Undescribed species B", which is also known from archeological material on Guadeloupe, Montserrat and Marie-Galante. In addition to this large species, other, smaller oryzomyines may also have occurred on Antigua;〔Pregill et al., 1988, p. 22〕 two species of oryzomyine were also formerly present on Barbuda.〔
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