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El-Tarif
The necropolis of El-Tarif ((アラビア語:إلطارف ) ''aṭ-Ṭārif'') is located on the West Bank of the Nile at Thebes, Egypt. It is located to the northwest of Luxor and southeast of the Valley of the Kings, opposite Karnak, just to the southwest of the modern village of At-Tarif. It is the oldest of West Thebes' necropolises. It is a small mortuary temple,〔 and the farthest north of the Tombs of the Nobles, and contains tombs of the late First Intermediate Period, Second Intermediate Period and early Middle Kingdom. Old Kingdom mastabas are possibly attributed to local rulers of the Fourth or Fifth Dynasty.〔 Eleventh Dynasty (2040-1991 B.C.E.) tombs of local rulers have also been noted in the form of a series of pyramids dated to 2061-2010 B.C.E, the largest of which are Intef I to Intef III, who were kings of this dynasty.
==Background==
The El-Tarif tombs are located to the north on the West Bank of Luxor where more than 30 known sites of temples have been recorded. This site is between Dendera and Gebelein on the flood plains of the Nile River, beyond Malqata in the south up to El-Tarif in the north. One access to the West Bank is across the new Nile Bridge and the other access is to cross the Nile by ferry from Luxor Corniche to El-Gezira.
The Theban dynasty ruled from Thebes which was the capital of southern Egypt. Intef I was a local Egyptian ruler at Thebes. He was a member of the Eleventh dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. He was the first ruler who adopted the title of Pharaoh. He was an important nomarch and his name finds mention in Thutmose III's chapel. Intef II who was also called a Pharaoh was his brother who ruled for 50 years from 2112 to 2063 B.C.E. This dynasty developed a particular type of burial tombs which were called the ''saff-tomb'' or rock-tomb; saff in Arabic means "rows." These were built by the rulers of the New Kingdom and they buried their dead in saff-tombs at the necropolis at El-Tarif.〔 All of their tombs are in dilapidated condition, given their age.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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