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Elachistosuchus
''Elachistosuchus'' is an extinct genus of neodiapsid reptile, most likely basal archosauromorph, known from the Late Triassic Arnstadt Formation of Saxony-Anhalt, central Germany. It contains a single species, ''Elachistosuchus huenei'', known from a single individual. ''E. huenei'', originally considered a pseudosuchian archosaur and then a rhynchocephalian lepidosaur, was largely ignored in the scientific literature, as its small size and fragility didn't permit further mechanical preparation and examination. More recently however a non-invasive μCT scanning was preformed to resolve its placement within Reptilia, and found it to represent a more basal reptile, potentially closely related to several early archosauromorph clades.〔Janensch W. Ein neues Reptil aus dem Keuper von Halberstadt. N Jb Mineral Geol Palaeont B. 1949;1949: 225–242.〕
==Discovery==
Fossils of ''Elachistosuchus'' were first described and named by the German paleontologist Werner Janensch in 1949, with the type species being ''Elachistosuchus huenei''. The generic name is derived from Greek ''ἐλάχιστος'' / ''elachistos'', meaning "diminutive", and ''suchus'', Latinized Greek ''souchos'', an Egyptian crocodile god, in reference to the size of the holotype and its identification by Janensch as a pseudosuchian archosaur. The specific name ''huenei'' honors the German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene who greatly contributed to the study of various vertebrate groups, especially extinct reptiles.〔
Janensch described ''Elachistosuchus'' based on an associated partial skeleton of a single individual, the holotype MB.R. 4520, which consists of six small blocks (I–VI) of bone-bearing rock currently housed at the fossil reptile collection of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Germany. Block I preserves a nearly complete but crushed skull, while the right humerus associated with articulated vertebrae including the back portion of the neck and the front portion of the back with rib fragments are preserved in block II, along with shoulder girdle elements including the interclavicle, clavicles, coracoids and one scapula, first observed using μCT scanning. Blocks III to VI consist of fragments of ribs, isolated back vertebrae, and gastralia. MB.R. 4520 and additional unprepared material attributed to ''Elachistosuchus'' were found during the excavation of a skeleton of ''Plateosaurus'' around 1928. They were collected from a locality which lies along the present-day highway (Bundesstrasse) B79 between Halberstadt and Quedlinburg, on the southeastern edge of Halberstadt, in Saxony-Anhalt, from a brick-clay pit unit of the Arnstadt Formation, dating to the middle to late Norian stage of the middle Late Triassic. The site was initially excavated by Otto Jaekel between 1909 and 1912 and later Janensch conducted additional excavations there between 1923 and 1928, but except for smaller digs by A. Hemprich in 1937 and 1938 no further work has taken place since. The diverse Late Triassic biota from Halberstadt includes bivalves, crustaceans, chondrichthyans, dipnoans, temnospondyls, stem-turtles, phytosaurs, and a haramiyid mammal, as well as the sauropodomorph ''Plateosaurus'', which is represented by some 50 specimens including at least two complete skeletons.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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